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Wednesday, March 30, 2011

Lynch Syndrome Hereditary Cancers Public Awareness Day | Fight Colorectal Cancer



Increased Risk of Cancer

If a parent carries a Lynch mutation there is a 50-50 chance that their child will inherit Lynch syndrome with
  • 60 to 80 percent increased lifetime risk of colorectal cancer.
  • 40 to 70 percent increased risk of endometrial cancer (cancer of the uterus lining).
  • 13 percent increased risk for stomach cancer
  • 12 percent increased risk of ovarian cancer.
  • smaller, but significant risk of small intestine, urinary tract, heptobiliary (liver, gall bladder and bile ducts), skin, and brain cancers.
  • Some families may also have increased risk for breast cancer.
Note: 
Lynch Syndrome is also noted for multiple primary cancers (different cancers in one person)





medical news: Protection Against Cell Damage From Antioxidant Formula Prior To Radiation Exposure



"A unique formulation of antioxidants taken orally before imaging with ionizing radiation minimizes cell damage, noted researchers at the Society of Interventional Radiology's 36th Annual Scientific Meeting in Chicago, Ill. In what the researchers say is the first clinical trial of its kind, as much as a 50 percent reduction in DNA injury was observed after administering the formula prior to CT scans.

"In our initial small study, we found that pre-administering to patients a proprietary antioxidant formulation resulted in a notable dose-dependent reduction in DNA injury," said Kieran J. Murphy, M.D., FSIR, professor and vice chair, director of research and deputy chief of radiology at the University of Toronto and University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. "This could play an important role in protecting adults and children who require imaging or a screening study," he added.

"Pre-administering this formula before a medical imaging exam may be one of the most important tools to provide radioprotection and especially important for patients in the getting CT scans," said Murphy. The study's data support the theory about a protective effect during these kinds of exposure, he explained....."cont'd

link to abstract:

"Purpose:  

We examine use of the free radical scavengers vitamin C (VC), glutathione (GL) and uric acid (UA) as a pre-medication strategy prior to radiation exposures typical of medical imaging studies. Our intent was to develop a simple cocktail of antioxidants to be taken orally prior to X-Ray exposures that can protect a patient’s DNA against free radical mediated radiation injury"




link to meeting:

JCO -- Collected Resources : Survivorship issues



Note: 19 (hmmmmm...) articles

JCO -- Collected Resources : Chemotherapy - Ovarian Cancer articles



Note: 61 articles

JCO -- Collected Resources : All Art of Oncology Articles



Note: 175 individual articles

from the series: Art in Oncology: How Patients Add Life to Their Days - JCO



>

Why do People get Cancer? « Dr. Robert A. Nagourney – Rational Therapeutics – Blog discusses multiple primaries uterine/colon (Lynch Syndrome)



Note: the article lacks specific drug/chemotherapy intervention information which may be helpful to others

open access journal: Journal of Ovarian Research Differential hRad17 expression by histologic subtype of ovarian cancer



Background
In the search for unique ovarian cancer biomarkers, ovarian specific cDNA microarray analysis identified hRad17, a cell cycle checkpoint protein, as over-expressed in ovarian cancer. The aim of this study was to validate this expression.

Methods
Immunohistochemistry was performed on 72 serous, 19 endometrioid, 10 clear cell, and 6 mucinous ovarian cancers, 9 benign ovarian tumors, and 6 normal ovarian tissue sections using an anti-hRad17 antibody. Western blot analysis and quantitative PCR were performed using cell lysates and total RNA prepared from 17 ovarian cancer cell lines and 6 normal ovarian epithelial cell cultures (HOSE).


Results
Antibody staining confirmed upregulation of hRad17 in 49.5% of ovarian cancer cases. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that only 42% of serous and 47% of endometrioid subtypes showed overexpression compared to 80% of clear cell and 100% of mucinous cancers.

Conclusions
hRad17 is over-expressed in ovarian cancer. This over-expression varies by subtype suggesting a role in the pathogenesis of these types. Functional studies are needed to determine the potential role of this protein in ovarian cancer.

 PDF

REVIEW ARTICLE Online Open article: Biosimilar agents in oncology/haematology: from approval to practice



Abstract

The regulation of biosimilars is a process that is still developing. In Europe, guidance regarding the approval and use of biosimilars has evolved with the products under consideration. It is now more than 3 years since the first biosimilar agents in oncology support, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, were approved in the EU. More recently, biosimilar granulocyte colony-stimulating factors have received marketing approval in Europe. This review considers general issues surrounding the introduction of biosimilars and highlights current specific issues pertinent to their use in clinical practice in oncology. Information on marketing approval, extrapolation, labelling, substitution, immunogenicity and traceability of each biosimilar product is important, especially in oncology where patients are treated in repeated therapy courses, often with complicated protocols, and where biosimilars are not used as a unique therapy for replacement of e.g. growth hormone or insulin. While future developments in the regulation of biosimilars will need to address multiple issues, in the interim physicians should remain aware of the inherent differences between biosimilar and innovator products.

Proportion of second cancers attributable to radiotherapy treatment in adults: a cohort study in the US SEER cancer registries : The Lancet Oncology



Blogger's Note: anticancer therapies also infer a risk of secondary cancers - treatment related secondary cancers - to put this in perspective

(U.S.) March 30th 2011 is Lynch Syndrome Hereditary Cancers Public Awareness Day - media



"State leaders, including the Governors of Oregon, Nevada, Arizona, Colorado, Missouri, Louisiana and Alabama, have joined a nationwide public awareness campaign by proclaiming March 30, 2011, Lynch Syndrome Hereditary Cancers Public Awareness Day....cont'd

full free access: Breast and Ovarian Cancer Risk due to Prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Variants in Pakistani Population: A Pakistani Database Report



Abstract

Pakistani population has a very rich anthrogeneological background with waves of migration from neighboring regions. Incidence rates of breast and ovarian cancer in Pakistan are on such a rapid rise that it is necessary to check the contributory factors, genetic and nongenetic. An insight into the prevalence data emphasizes the formulation of a BRCA1 and BRCA2 database for the Pakistani population.....

Most of BRCA1 and BRCA2 research has been focused on the Caucasian populations; however, the allelic frequency of higher penetrance genes in the Asian population may be higher than that in Caucasian population.................. cont'd (abstract/full free access)

see full paper for further information 

examples: Figure 3 & 4: (brca 1/brca 2/specific mutations/variants):


abstract: DICER1 Mutations in Familial Multinodular Goiter (thyroid) With and Without Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumors



define

multinodular goiter - A multinodular goiter is  a thyroid gland that is usually enlarged and contains multiple thyroid nodules.

Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare cancer originating in the lung or pleural cavity....
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleuropulmonary_blastoma
 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Objective To determine whether familial MNG  (multinodular goiter) with or without SLCT (Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor of the ovary) in the absence of PPB (pleuropulmonary blastoma)  was associated with mutations in DICER1
 
Conclusions DICER1 mutations are associated with both familial MNG and MNG with SLCT, independent of PPB. These germline DICER1 mutations are associated with dysregulation of miRNA expression patterns.

EvidenceUpdates - Interventions for preventing neuropathy caused by cisplatin and related compounds



BACKGROUND:
Cisplatin and several related antineoplastic agents used to treat many types of solid tumors are neurotoxic, and most patients completing a full course of cisplatin chemotherapy develop a clinically detectable sensory neuropathy. Effective neuroprotective therapies have been sought.


AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS:
At present, the data are insufficient to conclude that any of the purported chemoprotective agents (acetylcysteine, amifostine, calcium and magnesium, diethyldithiocarbamate, glutathione, Org 2766, oxycarbazepine, or Vitamin E) prevent or limit the neurotoxicity of platin drugs among human patients.

EvidenceUpdates: Interventions to enhance return-to-work for cancer patients. Cochrane Database Systematic Rev. 2011



Cancer survivors are 1.4 times more likely to be unemployed than healthy people. It is therefore important to provide cancer patients with programmes to support the return-to-work process.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions aimed at enhancing return-to-work in cancer patients.


 link - updated Comments from Clinical Raters