abstract
BACKGROUND:
While
advances in minimally invasive surgery have made laparoscopic staging
technically feasible in stage I epithelial ovarian cancer, the practice
remains controversial due to an absence of randomized trials and lack of
high-quality observational studies demonstrating equivalent outcomes.
OBJECTIVE:
This
study seeks to evaluate the association of laparoscopic staging with
survival among women with clinical stage I epithelial ovarian cancer.
STUDY DESIGN:
We
used the National Cancer Data Base to identify all women who underwent
surgical staging for clinical stage I epithelial ovarian cancer
diagnosed from
2010-2012. The exposure of interest was planned surgical
approach (laparoscopy versus laparotomy) and the primary outcome was
overall survival. The primary analysis was based on intention-to-treat:
all women whose procedures were initiated laparoscopically were
categorized as having had a planned laparoscopic procedure
regardless of
subsequent conversion to laparotomy. We used propensity methods to
match patients who underwent planned laparoscopic staging with similar
patients who underwent planned laparotomy based on observed
characteristics. We compared
survival among the matched cohorts using
the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression. We compared extent of
lymphadenectomy using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.
RESULTS:
Among
4,798 eligible patients, 1,112 (23.2%) underwent procedures which were
initiated laparoscopically, of which 190
(17%) were converted to
laparotomy. Women who underwent planned laparoscopy were more frequently
white, privately insured, from wealthier zip codes, received care in
community cancer centers, and had smaller tumors that were more
frequently of serous, and less often of mucinous histology than those
who underwent staging via planned laparotomy. After propensity score
matching, time to death did not differ between patients undergoing
planned laparoscopic versus open staging (Hazard Ratio=0.77,
95%CI=0.54-1.09; p=0.13). Planned laparoscopic staging was associated
with a slightly higher median lymph node count (14 versus 12, p=0.005).
Planned laparoscopic staging was not associated with time to death after
adjustment for receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy, histological type and
grade, and pathologic stage (Hazard Ratio 0.82, 95% CI 0.57-1.16).
CONCLUSION:
Surgical
staging via planned laparoscopy versus laparotomy was not associated
with worse survival in women with
apparent stage I epithelial ovarian
cancer.
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