open access: Evidence for breast cancer as an integral part of Lynch Syndrome (MLH1/MSH2 - small study/review) - Genes, Chromosomes and Cancer

"...While early onset, right-sided CRC represents the hallmark cancer of Lynch syndrome (Lynch et al., 1993; Lynch and Smyrk, 1996; Aarnio et al., 1999), extracolonic cancers such as tumors of the stomach (Aarnio et al., 1997), upper urinary tract, small bowel (Rodriguez-Bigas et al., 1998), hepatobiliary tract, sebaceous gland (Muir-Torre variant of Lynch syndrome), and glioblastomas (Turcot variant; Hamilton et al., 1995) may occur in addition. Women from Lynch syndrome families are at a significantly increased risk for gynecologic malignancies, namely endometrial and ovarian carcinoma. In fact, the lifetime risk for endometrial (Watson et al., 1994; Aarnio et al., 1995; Aarnio et al., 1999) and ovarian cancers (Watson et al., 2001) is estimated at 30–60% and 12%, respectively, compared with 3 and 2%, respectively, in the general population. An elevated risk for breast cancer in Lynch syndrome has been suggested in several studies, but the issue remains controversial (Risinger et al., 1996; Scott et al., 2001; Vasen et al., 2001; Muller et al., 2002; de Leeuw et al., 2003; Oliveira Ferreira et al., 2004; Watson and Riley, 2005; Westenend et al., 2005; Blokhuis et al., 2008; Shanley et al., 2009)....."