Abstract
Purpose
Innovations
in genetic medicine have led to improvements in the early detection,
prevention, and treatment of cancer for patients with inherited risks of
gastrointestinal cancer, particularly hereditary colorectal cancer and
hereditary pancreatic cancer.
Methods
This
review provides an update on recent data and key advances that have
improved the identification, understanding, and management of patients
with hereditary colorectal cancer and hereditary pancreatic cancer.
Findings
This
review details recent and emerging data that highlight the developing
landscape of genetics in hereditary colorectal and pancreatic cancer
risk. A summary is provided of the current state-of-the-art practices
for identifying, evaluating, and managing patients with suspected
hereditary colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer risk. The impact of
next-generation sequencing technologies in the clinical diagnosis of
hereditary gastrointestinal cancer and also in discovery efforts of new
genes linked to familial cancer risk are discussed. Emerging targeted
therapies that may play a particularly important role in the treatment
of patients with hereditary forms of colorectal cancer and pancreatic
cancer are also reviewed. Current approaches for pancreatic cancer
screening and the psychosocial impact of such procedures are also
detailed.
Implications
Given the
availability of new diagnostic, risk-reducing, and therapeutic
strategies that exist for patients with hereditary risk of colorectal or
pancreatic cancer, it is imperative that clinicians be vigilant about
evaluating patients for hereditary cancer syndromes. Continuing to
advance genetics research in hereditary gastrointestinal cancers will
allow for more progress to be made in personalized medicine and
prevention.
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