full free access: ScienceDirect - Cell : The Hallmarks of Cancer published Sept 2000

Volume 100, Issue 1, 7 January 2000, Pages 57-70

---

doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81683-9 | How to Cite or Link Using DOI	Cited By in Scopus (8962)
Permissions & Reprints

Review

The Hallmarks of Cancer

Douglas Hanahan ¹ and Robert A. Weinberg ²

¹ Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and, Hormone Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
² Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA

Available online 27 September 2000.

Article Outline

• An Enumeration of the Traits

• Acquired Capability: Self-Sufficiency in Growth Signals

• Acquired Capability: Insensitivity to Antigrowth Signals

• Acquired Capability: Evading Apoptosis

• Acquired Capability: Limitless Replicative Potential

• Acquired Capability: Sustained Angiogenesis

• Acquired Capability: Tissue Invasion and Metastasis

• An Enabling Characteristic: Genome Instability

• Alternative Pathways to Cancer

• Synthesis

• Acknowledgements

• References