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Medicine
Abstract -
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common
cancer in women and is the most lethal of all gynecologic cancers.
Early-stage ovarian
cancer is curable while women who are diagnosed with
advanced ovarian cancer continue to have poor long-term survival due
to recurrence of disease. Unfortunately, most women are
diagnosed with advanced-stage disease. Early detection is a primary
objective for clinicians and scientists, yet single modality
(CA-125, transvaginal ultrasound) screening tests have been
ineffective.
More recent novel approaches combining modalities and
utilizing serial serum sampling are being tested and hold great promise.
In addition, the recent application of proteomics to this
clinical question has the potential to identify new and important
biotargets.
Unfortunately, the majority of ovarian
cancer patients have advanced-stage disease, and although most will die
of their disease,
their survival is quite heterogenous (different).
The ability to
stratify patients according to prognosis could help guide therapy. The
current “gold standard” for prognosis uses patient,
surgical, and tumor characteristics, yet these have the tendency to be
notoriously inaccurate. This prognostic uncertainty and
the drive to identify predictive factors by which we can select novel
and targeted therapy have stimulated researchers to look
beyond traditional markers and test and validate molecular and genomic
biomarkers, which are anticipated to soon complement or
even eclipse traditional factors clarifying prognosis and select
treatments.
For patients with advanced-stage disease, a multitude of
prognostic factors have been characterized. While promising, none
of these biotargets have been validated at present to be
clinically useful. More recent application of genomic technologies
is likely to yield clinically relevant signatures and/or
biotargets which will provide the basis for personalization of care
for these patients.
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