paywalled: MR Imaging of Malignancies Arising in Endometriomas and Extraovarian Endometriosis

MR Imaging of Malignancies Arising in Endometr... [Radiographics. 2012] - PubMed - NCBI

Radiographics. 2012 May

Abstract: 

Cancers that arise in ovarian or extraovarian endometriosis are a distinct disease category with a histologic profile different from that of the more common epithelial ovarian cancers and with a better prognosis.

Because the malignant transformation of endometriomas is rarely associated with lymphadenopathy or peritoneal carcinomatosis, a high index of suspicion on the part of the radiologist is necessary to establish a timely diagnosis of endometriosis-related ovarian cancers and allow appropriate oncologic management. Although imaging is not currently performed for surveillance of endometriosis, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is often performed when surgical treatment is under consideration................. For definitive diagnosis, histopathologic analysis is required.