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abstract
Associations
between caffeine and coffee consumption and breast cancer risk are
uncertain, with studies suggesting inverse and null associations.
Variation in cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2), a gene responsible for
caffeine metabolism, may modify these associations. Cases (n = 3,062)
were recruited through the Ontario Cancer Registry and controls (n =
3,427) through random digit dialing. Logistic regression was used to
evaluate associations between breast cancer risk and intakes of 7
caffeine-containing items and total caffeine, and examine whether a
genetic variant in CYP1A2 (rs762551) modified these associations.
Analyses were stratified by estrogen receptor (ER), menopausal, and
smoking status. Generally, coffee and caffeine were not associated with
breast cancer risk; however, a significant reduction in risk was
observed with the highest category of coffee consumption [≥5 cups per
day vs. never, multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (MVOR) = 0.71, 95%
confidence interval (CI): 0.51, 0.98]. Variant rs762551 did not modify
associations. In stratified analyses, high coffee intake was associated
with reduced risk of ER- (MVOR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.92) and
postmenopausal breast cancer (MVOR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.94). High
coffee consumption, but not total caffeine, may be associated with
reduced risk of ER- and postmenopausal breast cancers, independent of
CYP1A2 genotype. Further studies are needed to replicate these findings.
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