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Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the
study was to examine the potential association between a history of
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer
or ovarian borderline tumors.
Methods
In a
population-based case–control study in Denmark, we included 554 women
with invasive ovarian cancer, 202 with ovarian borderline tumors, and
1,564 controls aged 35–79 years. The analyses were performed in multiple
logistic regression models.
Results
We found a
significantly increased risk of ovarian borderline tumors among women
with a history of PID (OR = 1.50; 95 % CI 1.08–2.08) but no apparent
association between PID and risk of invasive ovarian cancer (OR = 0.83;
95 % CI 0.65–1.05). We found no effect of age at time of first PID or
time since first PID on the risk for either condition.
Conclusion
Our results suggest
that a history of PID is associated with an increased risk of ovarian
borderline tumors, which may support the hypothesis that inflammation is
an etiological factor. The lack of an association between previous PID
and invasive ovarian cancer may indicate an etiological difference
between ovarian borderline tumors and invasive ovarian cancer. However,
an important limitation of the study is the use of self-reported PID.
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