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abstract
"Purpose: to review the topic of prognostic factors for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Multiple patient factors such as age, gender and alcohol intake have been found that affect the likelihood of emesis with a given chemotherapy. Pharmacogenomics has also been explored as a cause for variation in emetic response. In theory these risk factors could be used to optimize antiemetic therapy for individual patients but guidelines for prophylactic antiemetics are based solely upon the type of chemotherapy administered. Attempts to identify subgroups of patients for whom guidelines recommendations are suboptimal have thus far been unsuccessful except for those with a poor experience in a previous cycle of the same chemotherapy. At present, there is no basis for deviating from evidence-based guidelines when prescribing antiemetics prior to the first cycle of chemotherapy."
Because the continuation of treatment is critical in chemotherapy and since nausea and vomiting is a common side effect, antiemetics are used to prevent or lessen the nausea and vomiting mechanisms. Antiemetics are compounds that prevent emesis, otherwise known as vomiting. Antiemetics function through various molecular pathways and are classified into categories by their target. A key aspect to understanding the function of antiemetics is the structure of the nervous system signaling pathway as it relates to nausea and vomiting.
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