Multimodality Imaging in Cardiooncology

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 3. Cancer Treatment and Cardiotoxicity: Who Are the Actors?

The majority of studies on cardiotoxicity focus on patients treated with anthracyclines and trastuzumab. Anthracyclines (doxorubicin, daunorubicin, and epirubicin) use has been related to onset of HF within 1 year in about 2% of treated patients [1]. The HF incidence increases to 28% when the patients are exposed to the association of anthracyclines and trastuzumab [1]. Cardiotoxic effect has been described for classes of drugs other than the anthracyclines and trastuzumab such as inhibitors of tyrosine kinases (imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib, sunitinib, sorafenib, and bevacizumab), antimetabolites (5-fluorouracil), alkylating agents (cisplatin, cyclophosphamide), and taxanes (docetaxel and paclitaxel) [10]. Radiotherapy has become an important instrument in the treatment of several malignances and is more often associated to standard chemotherapy treatment. Irradiation of the mediastinum with a cumulative dose >30 Gy and a daily fractioning >2 Gy appeared to be related to a high risk of developing cardiac dysfunction [11]......