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abstract
Highlights
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- Genistein biological activities strongly differ in relation to doses applied.
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- Genistein targets primarily estrogen receptors and tyrosine kinases.
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- Potential therapeutic effects of genistein may depend upon the pleiotropic nature of the molecule.
Abstract
Nowadays,
diet and specific dietary supplements are seen as potential adjuvants
to prevent different chronic diseases, including cancer, or to
ameliorate pharmacological therapies. Soybean is one of the most
important food components in Asian diet. A plethora of evidence supports
the in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects of
genistein, a soybean isoflavone. Major tumors affected by genistein here
reviewed are breast, prostate, colon, liver, ovarian, bladder, gastric,
brain cancers, neuroblastoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. However,
it is not always clear if and when genistein is beneficial against
tumors (the “good” effects), or the opposite, when the same molecule
exerts adverse effects (the “bad” effects), favouring cancer cell
proliferation. This review will critically evaluate this concept in the
light of the different molecular mechanisms of genistein which occur
when the molecule is administered at low doses (chemopreventive
effects), or at high doses (pharmacological effects).
Keywords
- Soybean;
- Genistein;
- ERα/ERβ;
- Tyrosine kinases;
- miRNA
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