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open access
Non-epithelial ovarian cancers (NEOC) are a
group of fascinating but uncommon malignancies which can be extremely
challenging
to treat. Collectively, these tumours only
represent 10-15% of all ovarian cancers and occur in all age groups from
childhood
to old age. This broad term includes diverse
tumours of germ cell origin, sex cord-stromal cell origin, as well as
extremely
rare types of ovarian cancer, such as small-cell
carcinomas and sarcomas, each of which require specialist management. It
is imperative that these rare tumours are managed
with accurate diagnosis, staging and treatment in order to optimize
patient
outcomes. The aetiology and molecular origins of
each sub-group of NEOC remain poorly understood and international
cooperation
to facilitate high quality translational research
is needed. This review summarizes the published literature on the
incidence,
clinical presentation, pathology, therapeutic
interventions, survival and prognostic factors of each sub-type of NEOC.
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