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abstract
02 December 2016
Ovarian cancer is the
most fatal gynecologic cancer and is an important source of
cancer-related mortality, particularly in developed countries. Despite
substantial research examining adiposity (primarily adult body mass
index [BMI]), the overall evidence suggests only a weak positive
association between adiposity and risk of ovarian cancer, with stronger
associations observed for population-based case–control studies compared
to prospective studies. Ovarian cancer is not one disease and emerging
data suggest that higher BMI may only be associated with risk of certain
histologic subtypes, including low-grade serous and invasive mucinous
tumors. Interestingly, some larger studies and meta-analyses have
reported a stronger relationship with premenopausal ovarian cancers,
which are more likely to be of these subtypes. Relatively few studies
have conducted detailed examinations of other adiposity-related factors
such as measures of abdominal adiposity, early-life body size and weight
change. While the underlying mechanisms that may relate adiposity to
risk are unclear, increased inflammatory biomarkers have been associated
with risk and hormonal factors, including androgen levels, may be
important for the development of mucinous tumors. Future research should
leverage the large sample sizes of consortia to evaluate associations
by key tumor characteristics as well as consider patterns of weight
change over the life course with both ovarian cancer risk and survival.
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