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Monday, April 16, 2012

Mayo Clinic, Assured Diagnosis Inc. Announce Two New Private Health Insurance Products for Canadians



 Blogger's Note: the press release seems not quite ready for uploading (9:23 am); try later...

Mayo Clinic, Assured Diagnosis Inc. Announce Two New Private Health Insurance Products for Canadians:

ROCHESTER, MN, and CALGARY, April 16, 2012 /PRNewswire/ - Mayo Clinic and Assured Diagnosis Inc. (ADI) of Calgary, Alberta, announced today the launch of two new health insurance options that will provide more Canadians access to Mayo Clinic's expertise and care in the event of...

open access: G-I-N: Guidelines International Network: Toward International Standards for Clinical Practice Guidelines




 Blogger's Note: this is not specific to ovarian cancer but to guideline development in general (all on the same page, so to speak) hoping that patient care is reflected in a global environment for best care; would be helpful information for patient advocates

Guidelines International Network: Toward International Standards forClinical Practice Guidelines

Guideline development processes vary substantially, and many guidelines do not meet basic quality criteria. Standards for guideline development can help organizations ensure that recommendations are evidence-based and can help users identify high-quality guidelines. Such organizations as the U.S. Institute of Medicine and the United Kingdom's National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence have developed recommendations to define trustworthy guidelines within their locales. Many groups charged with guideline development find the lengthy list of standards developed by such organizations to be aspirational but infeasible to follow in entirety.
Founded in 2002, the Guidelines International Network (G-I-N) is a network of guideline developers that includes 93 organizations and 89 individual members representing 46 countries. The G-I-N board of trustees recognized the importance of guideline development processes that are both rigorous and feasible even for modestly funded groups to implement and initiated an effort toward consensus about minimum standards for high-quality guidelines. In contrast to other existing standards for guideline development at national or local levels, the key components proposed by G-I-N will represent the consensus of an international, multidisciplinary group of active guideline developers.
This article presents G-I-N's proposed set of key components for guideline development. These key components address panel composition, decision-making process, conflicts of interest, guideline objective, development methods, evidence review, basis of recommendations, ratings of evidence and recommendations, guideline review, updating processes, and funding. It is hoped that this article promotes discussion and eventual agreement on a set of international standards for guideline development.

Sunday, April 15, 2012

Obesity and cancer outcome : The Lancet



Obesity and cancer outcome : The Lancet

Obesity and cancer outcome

 
12 million Americans are cancer survivors and a staggering two-thirds of Americans are currently considered overweight or obese. On April 3, the National Cancer Policy Forum of the US Institute of Medicine released a welcome report entitled The Role of Obesity in Cancer Survival and Recurrence. Many epidemiological studies have identified obesity as a factor in cancer risk and prognosis. Obesity is associated with higher cancer incidence, recurrence, progression, and death. The report emphasises how little is still known about the precise cellular mechanisms that link obesity with cancer.
Adipose tissue can behave as an endocrine organ by generating hormones, growth factors, and cytokines that can disrupt regulation of cell growth and survival—the hallmark of malignancy. Knowing the precise cellular targets involved in this interplay could lead to targeted therapeutic approaches for controlling both cancer and obesity. For example, appropriate animal models could allow investigation of mechanisms of obesity and diabetes in precise genetic models of human cancers.
What is not yet known is whether weight management changes the prognosis and outcome in different cancers. The simple solution of tracking individuals' BMI and bodyweight during clinical trials to analyse effect on cancer outcomes needs to become standard practice. Another area of clinical controversy is related to proper chemotherapy dosing in obese cancer patients. Total body-surface area is used to calculate the chemotherapy dose, which does not take into account the body's composition (such as an individual's fat percentage). This approach often leads to suboptimum doses of chemotherapy.
But the most important lesson of this report comes from the basic science of obesity-associated cancer risk. Our population-level responses—which have largely failed—are based on a far too simplistic understanding of how obesity contributes to cancer. To address this challenge demands not more poorly thought out intervention trials. 
 Instead, we need greater understanding of the biological mechanisms underpinning cancer and obesity.

Genetic Variations in Stem Cell-Related Genes and Colorectal Cancer Prognosis



Genetic Variations in Stem Cell-Related Genes and Colorectal Cancer Prognosis:

Abstract

Background  
Many properties of cancer cells are reminiscent of those in normal stem cells. Genes important to stem cell development have been significantly implicated in the etiology and clinical outcome of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the associations of genetic variations in these genes with CRC prognosis have not yet been elucidated.
Methods  
We analyzed the effects of eight potentially functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in six stem cell-related genes on the prognosis of a well-characterized population of 380 Chinese CRC patients diagnosed from February 2006 to January 2010.
Results 
The most significant finding was related to rs879882, a variant in the 5′ region of POU5F1 gene which encodes a protein essential for embryonic stem cell self-renewal and pluripotency, and induced pluripotent stem cell reprogramming. The variant-containing genotypes of rs879882 were associated with an increased risk of recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.10, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.17–3.76, P = 0.01). In chemotherapy-stratified analysis, the association remained borderline significant in patients receiving chemotherapy (HR = 1.97, 95 % CI 0.89–4.34, P = 0.09). In addition, a nonsynonymous SNP of APC gene was also significantly associated with recurrence risk in chemotherapy-treated patients (HR = 2.63, 95 % CI 1.14–6.06 P = 0.02). Further analyses showed a combined effect of the two SNPs in predicting CRC recurrence in patients receiving chemotherapy (P = 0.04) but not in those without chemotherapy (P = 0.43). Moreover, an exploratory multivariate assessment model indicated that these two variants enhanced the power to predict recurrence after chemotherapy.
Conclusion 
We presented one of the first epidemiologic studies showing that stem cell-related genetic variants may impact CRC clinical outcomes, especially in chemotherapy-treated patients.

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