A Nonsynonymous Polymorphism inIRS1 Modifies Risk of Developing Breast and Ovarian Cancers inBRCA1 and Ovarian Cancer

A Nonsynonymous Polymorphism inIRS1 Modifies Risk of Developing Breast and Ovarian Cancers inBRCA1 and Ovarian Cancer inBRCA2 Mutation Carriers

 Authors

Abstract

Background: We previously reported significant associations between genetic variants in insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and breast cancer risk in women carrying BRCA1 mutations. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether the IRS1 variants modified ovarian cancer risk and were associated with breast cancer risk in a larger cohort of BRCA1 and BRCA2mutation carriers......

http://m.cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/21/8/1362.short

CEBP: « PreviousNext Article » TOC Use of Fertility Drugs and Risk of Ovarian Cancer: Results from a U.S.-Based Case–Control Study

http://m.cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/21/8/1282.short

CAPR: Impact of Screening Test Performance and Cost on Mortality Reduction and Cost-effectiveness of Multimodal Ovarian Cancer Screening open access version

http://m.cancerpreventionresearch.aacrjournals.org/content/5/8/1015.full

.....impact of ovarian cancer screening

Abstract

Ongoing ovarian cancer screening trials are investigating the efficacy of a two-step screening strategy using currently available blood and imaging tests [CA125 and transvaginal sonography (TVS)]. Concurrently, efforts to develop new biomarkers and imaging tests seek to improve screening performance beyond its current limits. This study estimates the mortality reduction, years of life saved, and cost-effectiveness achievable by annual multimodal screening using increasing CA125 to select women for TVS, and predicts improvements achievable by replacing currently available screening tests with hypothetical counterparts with better performance characteristics. An existing stochastic microsimulation model is refined and used to screen a virtual cohort of 1 million women from ages 45 to 85 years. Each woman is assigned a detailed disease course and screening results timeline. The preclinical behavior of CA125 and TVS is simulated using empirical data derived from clinical trials. Simulations in which the disease incidence and performance characteristics of the screening tests are independently varied are conducted to evaluate the impact of these factors on overall screening performance and costs. Our results show that when applied to women at average risk, annual screening using increasing CA125 to select women for TVS achieves modest mortality reduction (∼13%) and meets currently accepted cost-effectiveness guidelines. Screening outcomes are relatively insensitive to second-line test performance and costs. Identification of a first-line test that does substantially better than CA125 and has similar costs is required for screening to reduce ovarian mortality by at least 25% and be reasonably cost-effective.Cancer Prev Res; 5(8); 1015–24. ©2012 AACR.

http://m.cancerpreventionresearch.aacrjournals.org/content/5/8/1015.short

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Impact of Screening Test Performance and Cost on Mortality Reduction and Cost-effectiveness of Multimodal Ovarian Cancer Screening

http://m.cancerpreventionresearch.aacrjournals.org/content/5/8/1015.short

ScienceDirect.com - Gynecologic Oncology Case Reports - Management of a skin metastasis in a patient with advanced ovarian cancer

Management of a skin metastasis in a patient with advanced ovarian cancer

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211338X12000579

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Radon gas deadlier than thought: Radioactive substance causes 16% of lung cancer cases, Health Canada says | media

http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/08/17/radon-gas-deadlier-than-thought-radioactive-substance-causes-16-of-lung-cancer-cases-health-canada-says/


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Tandem duplication of chromosomal segments is common in ovarian and breast cancer genomes - McBride - 2012 - The Journal of Pathology - Wiley Online Library

Original Paper

Tandem duplication of chromosomal segments is common in ovarian and breast cancer genomes^†

1. David J McBride^1,‡,*, 
2. Dariush Etemadmoghadam^2,3,‡,*, 
3. Susanna L Cooke^1,4,‡,*, 
4. Kathryn Alsop^2,5, 
5. Joshy George^2,5, 
6. Adam Butler¹, 
7. Juok Cho¹,
8. Danushka Galappaththige¹, 
9. Chris Greenman¹, 
10. Karen D Howarth⁶, 
11. King W Lau¹, 
12. Charlotte K Ng⁴, 
13. Keiran Raine¹, 
14. Jon Teague¹, 
15. David C Wedge¹, 
16. Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group², 
17. Xavier Caubit⁷, 
18. Michael R Stratton¹, 
19. James D Brenton⁴, 
20. Peter J Campbell¹, 
21. P Andrew Futreal^1,§, 
22. David DL Bowtell^2,5,8,§,*

Article first published online: 6 JUN 2012

Issue

The Journal of Pathology

Volume 227, Issue 4, pages 446–455, August 2012

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/path.4042/abstract;jsessionid=4DF2C7346B20F21CF48775015E8F1295.d03t04

Clinical experience of young patients with small cell ovarian carcinoma of the hypercalcemic type (OSCCHT)

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301211512003533

[Intraoperative frozen sections in diseases of the female genital tract.]

[Intraoperative frozen sections in diseases of the female genital tract.]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/22898883/

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ScienceDirect.com - European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology - Ethical guidelines and the prevention of abuse in healthcare

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301211512003375

Association for Molecular Pathology, et al. v. U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, et al. - Decision | American Civil Liberties Union (brca patent issue)

http://www.aclu.org/womens-rights/association-molecular-pathology-et-al-v-us-patent-and-trademark-office-et-al-decision

PHG Foundation | The challenges posed by direct-to-consumer genetic tests

Chemotherapy versus surgery for initial treatment in advanced ovarian epithelial cancer - Cochrane Review

Chemotherapy versus surgery for initial treatment in advanced ovarian epithelial cancer.

A

BACKGROUND: Epithelial ovarian cancer presents at an advanced stage in the majority of women. These women require surgery and chemotherapy for optimal treatment. Conventional treatment is to perform surgery first and then give chemotherapy. However, it is not yet clear whether there are any advantages to using chemotherapy before surgery.

OBJECTIVES: To assess whether there is an advantage to treating women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer with chemotherapy before cytoreductive surgery (neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT)) compared with conventional treatment where chemotherapy follows maximal cytoreductive surgery.

SEARCH METHODS: For the original review we searched, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, Issue 3, 2006), MEDLINE (Silver Platter, from 1966 to 1 Sept 2006), EMBASE via Ovid (from 1980 to 1 Sept 2006), CANCERLIT (from 1966 to 1 Sept 2006), PDQ (search for open and closed trials) and MetaRegister (most current search Sept 2006). For this update randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were identified by searching the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, Issue 3, 2011) and the Cochrane Gynaecological Cancer Specialised Register (2011), MEDLINE (August week 1, 2011), EMBASE (to week 31, 2011), PDQ (search for open and closed trials) and MetaRegister (August 2011).

SELECTION CRITERIA: RCTs of women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (Federation of International Gynaecologists and Obstetricians (FIGO) stage III/IV) who were randomly allocated to treatment groups that compared platinum-based chemotherapy before cytoreductive surgery with platinum-based chemotherapy following cytoreductive surgery.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were extracted by two review authors independently, and the quality of included trials was assessed by two review authors independently.

MAIN RESULTS: One high-quality RCT met the inclusion criteria. This multicentre trial randomised 718 women with stage IIIc/IV ovarian cancer to NACT followed by interval debulking surgery (IDS) or primary debulking surgery (PDS) followed by chemotherapy. There were no significant differences between the study groups with regard to overall survival (OS) (670 women; HR 0.98; 95% CI 0.82 to 1.18) or progression-free survival (PFS) (670 women; HR 1.01; 95% CI 0.86 to 1.17).Significant differences occurred between the NACT and PDS groups with regard to some surgically related serious adverse effects (SAE grade 3/4) including haemorrhage (12 in NACT group vs 23 in PDS group; RR 0.50; 95% CI 0.25 to 0.99), venous thromboembolism (none in NACT group vs eight in PDS group; RR 0.06; 95% CI 0 to 0.98) and infection (five in NACT group vs 25 in PDS group; RR 0.19; 95% CI 0.07 to 0.50). Quality of life (QoL) was reported to be similar for the NACT and PDS groups.Three ongoing RCTs were also identified.

AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: We consider the use of NACT in women with stage IIIc/IV ovarian cancer to be a reasonable alternative to PDS, particularly in bulky disease. With regard to selecting who will benefit from NACT, treatment should be tailored to the patient and should take into account resectability, age, histology, stage and performance status. These results cannot be generalised to women with stage IIIa and IIIb ovarian cancer; in these women, PDS is the standard. We await the results of three ongoing trials, which may change these conclusions.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/22895947/

Issue 8, 2012 of The Cochrane Library is now available | The Cochrane Collaboration

Issue 8, 2012 of The Cochrane Library is now available

Issue 8, 2012 of The Cochrane Library is now available! New and updated reviews available on interventions for health-related quality of life for cancer survivors, weight loss and maintenance, and high blood pressure.

External link for more information: 

http://www.thecochranelibrary.com/view/0/index.html

Contributor's Information

Contributor's name: 

Cochrane Web Team

http://www.cochrane.org/news/tags/authors/issue-8-2012-cochrane-library-now-available

Revisiting the complexity of the ovaria - PubMed Mobile

Revisiting the complexity of the ovarian cancer microenvironment-clinical implications for treatment strategies.

Authors

Musrap N, Diamandis EP.

Journal

Mol Cancer Res. 2012 Aug 15. [Epub ahead of print]

Affiliation

University of Toronto.

Abstract

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of death among gynaecological malignancies in North American women. Given that EOC encompasses a broad class of tumors consisting of a variety of different histological and molecular subtypes, which generates genetically and etiologically distinct tumors, several challenges arise during treatment of patients with this disease. Overlaying this complexity is the contribution of supporting cells, particularly stromal components such as fibroblasts and immune infiltrates that collectively create a microenvironment that promotes and enhances cancer progression. A notable example is the induction of angiogenesis, which occurs through the secretion of pro-angiogenic factors by both tumor and tumor-associated cells. The recent development of angiogenic inhibitors targeting tumor vasculature, which have been shown to improve patient outcome when combined with standard therapy, has launched a paradigm shift on how cancer patients should be treated. It is evident that future clinical practices will focus on the incorporation of therapies that antagonize the pro-tumoral effects of such microenvironment contributors. Herein, an overview of the varying tumor-host interactions that influence tumor behaviour will be discussed, in addition to the recent efforts undertaken to target these interactions and their potential to revolutionize EOC patient care.

PMID

 22896662 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/22896662/

Myriad Genetics' Q4 Revenues Rise 24 Percent; Ramp up of European Operations Continues | GenomeWeb

http://www.genomeweb.com/mdx/myriad-genetics-q4-revenues-rise-24-percent-ramp-european-operations-continues


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Women and Health Initiative: integrating needs and response : The Lancet

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The Promises and Challenges of Digital Imaging as Applied to Pathology: Dr. Ulysses G.J. Balis

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j1yh-Oak528&feature=youtube_gdata_player


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Myriad wins gene patent ruling from US appeals court

Myriad wins gene patent ruling from US appeals court

(Reuters) - A U.S. federal appeals court has once again affirmed the right of Myriad Genetics Inc to patent two genes linked to breast and ovarian cancer, after the U.S. Supreme Court told it to take another look at the hotly contested case.

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Mixed Endocervical Adenocarcinoma and High-grade Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Cervix With Ovarian Metastasis of the Former Component: A Report of 2 Cases

Mixed Endocervical Adenocarcinoma and High-grade Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Cervix With Ovarian Metastasis of the Former Component: A Report of 2 Cases

Endocervical adenocarcinomas (ECAs) uncommonly metastasize to the ovary; however, when they do they sometimes closely mimic a mucinous/endometrioid ovarian primary tumor. Here, 2 cases of mixed moderately differentiated ECA and high-grade cervical neuroendocrine carcinoma in which the ECA component metastasized to the ovary have been delineated and reported. In both cases, the primary tumor and the metastatic tumor were diffusely positive for p16 and high-risk human papillomavirus. Although similar to previously reported cases of adenocarcinoma in situ and invasive ECAs with ovarian involvement, none of the cases reported to date had concurrent neuroendocrine carcinoma with metastasis of the lower-grade component. In this respect, our cases are unique. The presence of lower uterine segment involvement in both cases and high-risk human papillomavirus positivity in the primary and metastatic tumors suggest a metastatic process, perhaps through transtubal spread, rather than independent primaries.

Chemo Resistance in Ovarian Cancer Has Genetic Basis - Cancer Network

cernetwork.com/ovarian-cancer/content/article/10165/2097235


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Appeals Court Affirms Isolated DNA Patents in Myriad Case | GenomeWeb

http://www.genomeweb.com/mdx/appeals-court-affirms-isolated-dna-patents-myriad-case


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Colon and Rectal Cancer: The Myth of 2 Beasts (mobile format)

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/768556?src=rss

Biologic rationale and clinical activity of mTOR inhibitors in gynecological cancer.

Biologic rationale and clinical activity of mTOR inhibitors in gynecological cancer.

Related Articles

Biologic rationale and clinical activity of mTOR inhibitors in gynecological cancer.

Cancer Treat Rev. 2012 Oct;38(6):767-75

Authors: Diaz-Padilla I, Duran I, Clarke BA, Oza AM

Abstract

Advanced recurrent gynecological malignancies have a poor prognosis despite systemic treatment, which is usually cytotoxic chemotherapy. Responses are generally short-lived and more effective treatments are needed. Rationally designed molecularly targeted therapy is an emerging and important option in this setting. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine protein kinase of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway with a critical role in controlling cancer cellular growth, metabolism and cell cycle progression. Aberrant PI3K-dependent signaling occurs frequently in a wide range of tumor types, including ovarian, endometrial and cervical cancer. Early clinical studies of first-generation mTOR inhibitors have shown promising clinical activity in endometrial cancer. However, the molecular basis of sensitivity and resistance to these agents remains largely unknown. In this review, we will update the clinical and biological data underlying the development of first generation mTOR inhibitors in the treatment of gynecological tumors. The role of potential new combination regimens with mTOR inhibitors in gynecological cancers will also be discussed.

PMID: 22381585 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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