Pseudoprogression and Immune-Related Response in Solid Tumors

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 ....Multiple recent clinical trials using antibodies to PD-1 and PD-L1 in the treatment of advanced solid tumors have been completed and published,^10–22 enabling broader evaluation of pseudoprogression across solid tumors. The majority of these clinical trials evaluated the safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade in the treatment of patients with melanoma. However, additional studies were conducted in patients with bladder cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, head and neck cancer, lung cancer, pancreatoduodenal cancer, ovarian cancer, renal cell cancer, sarcoma, and uterine cancer. The observed incidence of distinct immune responses across different solid tumor types is provided in Table 1.