The significance and therapeutic potential of PD-1 and its ligands in ovarian cancer: A systematic review

abstract

Highlights

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Ovarian cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women.

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The emerging immunotherapy represents a rational approach for cancer treatment.

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Immunotherapy may play a significant role in clinical management of ovarian cancer.

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Surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the mainstay of malignant cancer treatments. However, with the development of immunology, the emerging immunotherapy represents a rational and alternative approach for the treatment of human cancer, including ovarian cancer (OC). Based on a body of evidence and the clinical success of immunotherapy in many malignancies, it is confirmed that blocking the programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligands in OC is feasible and valid both in animal models and patients. Immunotherapy may play a significant role in the future clinical management and improve the prognosis of OC. This review will focus on the biological functions, treatment response, toxicity and viable target of PD-1 and its ligands in OC. Recognition of the multiple functions of PD-1 and its ligands in ovarian cancer will serve to deepen our understanding of the nature of OC, develop novel immunotherapy approaches and discover possible diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in future clinical decisions.

Abbreviations

• aa, amino acid;
• Bcl-2, B-cell leukemia 2;
• CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4;
• DC, dendritic cell;
• EMA, Europe Medicine Agency;
• FDA, Food and Drug Administration;
• GITR, glucocorticoid-induced TNFR related protein;
• Ig, immunoglobulin;
• ITIM, immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif;
• ITSM, immunoreceptor tyrosine-based switch motif;
• mAb, monoclonal antibodies;
• NK, natural killer;
• NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer;
• OC, ovarian cancer;
• ORR, overall response rate;
• PFS, progression-free survival;
• PLDH, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin hydrochloride;
• TIL, tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte