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Changes in chromosome 19 have been identified in several types of cancer. These chromosome abnormalities are somatic, which means they are acquired during a person's lifetime and are present only in the cells that give rise to cancer.
Exons are coding sections of an RNA transcript, or the DNA encoding it, that are translated into protein
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At the time of surgery, cancer involves both ovaries in 66% of patients with HGSC and in 8% of patients with CCC (4).
Abstract
The mechanisms behind bilaterality of ovarian
carcinomas are not fully understood, as the two tumors could possibly
represent two primary tumors, a primary tumor and a metastasis, or two
metastases. The gene expression profiles from bilateral high‑grade
serous carcinomas (HGSCs) and clear cell carcinomas (CCCs) of the ovary
were compared to study the association between the tumors of the two
sides. A separate analysis of genes from chromosome 19 was also
performed, since this chromosome is frequently rearranged in ovarian
carcinomas. Tumors from four patients were included (three pairs of HGSC
and one pair of CCC). The gene expression was analyzed at the exon
level, and bilateral tumors were compared to identify within‑pair
differences. Gene expression data were also compared with genomic
information on the same tumors. Similarities in gene expression were
observed between the tumors within each pair, as expected if the two
tumors were clonally related. However, certain genes exhibited
differences in expression between the two sides, indicating metastasis
involvement. Among the most differently expressed genes, one gene was
common to all four pairs: Immunoglobulin J. In all HGSC pairs, serpin
peptidase inhibitor, clade B (ovalbumin), member 2, serpin family E
member 1 and phospholipase A2, group IIA (platelets, synovial fluid)
were also among the differentially expressed genes. The specific
analysis of chromosome 19 highlighted expression differences in the zinc
finger protein 36 gene. These results indicate that bilateral ovarian
tumors represent different stages during progression of a single clonal
process. Several of the genes observed to be differently expressed are
known to be metastasis‑related, and are likely to be also involved in
spreading from one side to the other in the bilateral cancer cases
examined.
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