Breast Cancer Genetic Risks Not Affected By Lifestyle Factors

Attitudes Toward Information About Genetic Risk for Cognitive Impairment After Cancer Chemotherapy: Breast Cancer Survivors Compared With Healthy Controls

Conclusion
Results suggest lessened enthusiasm for genetic information that maintains or increases uncertainty about a specific course of action and highlight the importance of including clinically relevant groups in treatment decision-making research that employs hypothetical scenarios. Although women generally believe it is important to receive genetic information, they might benefit from assistance (eg, decision aid) in the difficult task of integrating information about survival and risk for adverse late effects from cancer treatment.

Risk of Cancer Following Hospitalization for Type 2 Diabetes The Oncologist

ABSTRACT
Objectives. Cancer and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are two common diseases that may share risk factors. We aimed at determining subsequent cancer risks in patients hospitalized for T2D in Sweden.
Methods. T2D patients were obtained from the nationwide Hospital Discharge Register; cancers were recorded from the Swedish Cancer Registry. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated for cancer
following last hospitalization for T2D. The comparison group was the general Swedish population.
Results. The number of hospitalized T2D patients from 1964 to 2007 was 125,126, of whom 26,641 had an affected family member. Altogether 24 cancers showed an elevated risk when follow-up was started after the
last hospitalization. The highest SIRs were for pancreatic (6.08) and liver (4.25) cancers. The incidences of these cancers were even elevated when follow-up was started 5 years after the last hospitalization for T2D, with primary liver cancer showing the highest SIR of 4.66. Also increased were the incidences of upper aerodigestive tract, esophageal, colon, rectal, pancreatic, lung, cervical, endometrial, ovarian, and kidney cancers. Prostate cancer showed a lower risk. Familial T2D patients showed no exceptional elevated cancer risks but their prostate cancer and melanoma risks were lower.
Conclusions. This study, covering approximately one half of Swedish T2D patients, showed an elevated risk for several cancers after hospitalization for T2D, probably indicating the profound metabolic disturbances of the underlying disease. The highest risks were found for
liver and pancreatic cancers. No excess cancer risks were observed in familial diabetics. The lower risk for prostate cancer remains intriguing 

(ovarian cancer incidence rates 15.61/per 100,000 population; risk 1.84 (>1.0 = increased risk)

medical news: Scientists Find Five Areas Of The Genome That Increase Breast Cancer Risk

Risk factors for carcinoma of the fallopian tube in women with and without a germline BRCA mutationBRCA,mutation

Risk Tools Limited in Their Ability to Predict Development of Breast Cancer including Editorial Comment

Article: 
....Major Limitations Exist
According to the researchers, these models each have major limitations. Most notable is that the models rely on known risk factors, given that up to 60% of breast cancers occur in the absence of known risk factors. In addition, with the exception of the Gail model, these tools have not been well validated, and they also do not include nonhereditary risk factors. However, even the Gail model has limited ability to discriminate between individuals at risk, especially those in higher-risk groups, according to the study authors.
To date, no existing model is "totally able to discriminate between families that do and do not have mutations or between women who will and will not develop breast cancer," they write. "Steady and incremental improvement in the models are being made, but these changes require revalidation."
Other risk factors, such as mammographic density, weight gain, and serum steroid hormone measurements, are being considered for inclusion in the existing models. Studies are underway to determine if these factors are feasible and will improve breast cancer risk prediction, according to the study authors.

Editorial: Models Differ in Details
"The authors have provided a useful survey of the literature and have presented an informative summary of the risk factors used in various models," write Mitchell Gail, MD, PhD, and Phuong Mai, MD, from the National Cancer Institute, in a related editorial. Drs. Gail and Phuong caution, however, that the various models differ in important details and that physicians need to be cognizant of these differences.
"Promising directions include incorporating mammographic density, information on genotype or regulation of gene expression ... and more refined use of pathology data and biomarker data from biopsy samples," the editorialists add.

JNCI podcast: re: recent frutis/vegetable/cancer risk study

Note: scroll down the page - the link as below will automatically start

"JNCI Interview: Dr. Regina Ziegler discusses a large study suggesting that fruits and vegetables are associated with only a modest reduction in cancer risk."

Association of Fiber and Colorectal Cancer Risk Differs Depending on Dietary Assessment Method -- 102 (9): NP -- JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute

press release: Comparison of available breast cancer risk assessment tools shows room for improvement

"All of these models have major limitations, say the authors. Most important is their reliance on known risk factors. Studies have shown that up to 60% of breast cancers arise in the absence of any known risk factors. Also, except for the Gail model, none of the models has been extensively validated, and most do not include nonhereditary factors. The Gail model has limited ability to discriminate between individuals at risk, especially those in higher-risk groups, according to the authors."

Reduced levels of hydroxylated, polyunsaturated ultra long-chain fatty acids in the serum of colorectal cancer patients: implications for early screening and detection

"There are currently no accurate serum markers for detecting early risk of colorectal cancer (CRC)."