abstract: Mitochondrial DNA genotyping reveals synchronous nature of simultaneously detected endometrial and ovarian cancers.

Abstract

Simultaneous independent primary tumors of the female genital tract occur in 1-2% of gynecological cancer patients, 50-70% of which are synchronous tumors of the endometrium and ovary. 

Guidelines for determining the nature of simultaneously detected tumors, based on surgical and histopathological findings, are often ambiguous and may require further molecular analyses.

Such approach is necessary to indicate correct prognosis and hence treatment.

We here demonstrate how mitochondrial DNA sequencing may provide a cheap and useful tool to contribute to indisputably recognize the synchronous nature of simultaneously detected endometrial and ovarian carcinomas. We further confirm our findings by means of Comparative Genomic Hybridization array analysis, which strengthens the informative potential of mitochondrial DNA genotyping in diagnosing synchrony.

summary: Targeted therapies for rare gynaecological cancers : The Lancet Oncology

"Some gynaecological cancers are uncommon, such as sex cord-stromal tumours, malignant germ-cell tumours, vulvar carcinoma, melanoma of the female genital tract, clear-cell carcinoma of the ovary and endometrium, neuroendocrine tumours of the cervix, and gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. All these cancers have different clinicopathological characteristics, suggesting different molecular biological pathogeneses. Despite aggressive treatment, some cancers recur or respond poorly to therapy. Comprehensive knowledge of the molecular biology of each cancer might help with development of novel treatments that maximise efficacy and minimise toxic effects. Targeted therapy is a new treatment strategy that has been investigated in various tumours in clinical and laboratory settings. Since these cancers are rare and large clinical trials are difficult to do, molecular biological techniques might allow rapid proof-of-principle experiments in few patients. Novel targeted agents either alone or in combination with other treatments offer promising therapeutic options."