journal Gynecologic Oncology index of articles: Volume 121, Issue 1, Pages 1-244 (April 2011) Ovarian Cancer and Us OVARIAN CANCER and US Ovarian Cancer and Us

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Thursday, March 17, 2011

journal Gynecologic Oncology index of articles: Volume 121, Issue 1, Pages 1-244 (April 2011)






This arrow points to the article checkboxes which are used in conjunction with the following functions.|   |    articles 1 - 43
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Editorial Board  
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New Biomarkers and Risk Predictors for Prevention and Early Detection of Gynecologic Cancers Special Section
Editorial
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Editorial  
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Andrew Berchuck, Mark H. Einstein

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New Biomarkers and Risk Predictors for Prevention and Early Detection of Gynecologic Cancers: Articles
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A nomogram for estimating the probability of ovarian cancer  Original Research Article
Pages 2-7
Jason A. Lachance, Asim F. Choudhri, Marc Sarti, Susan C. Modesitt, Amir A. Jazaeri, George J. Stukenborg

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Research Highlights

►This study presents a statistical model for measuring probability of ovarian cancer. ►Model includes age, ultrasound score, CA125 value, and nonlinearity adjustments. ►Excellent discrimination and calibration are obtained across the probability range.
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Activation of mTOR signaling pathway associated with adverse prognostic factors of epithelial ovarian cancer  Original Research Article
Pages 8-12
Jae Hong No, Yong-Tark Jeon, In-Ae Park, Yong-Beom Kim, Jae Weon Kim, Noh-Hyun Park, Soon-Beom Kang, Jae Yong Han, Jeong Mook Lim, Yong-Sang Song

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Research Highlights

► We investigated the expression of mTOR signaling molecules in ovarian cancer. ► Immunohistochemistry was done with antibodies against p-4EBP1, p-mTOR, and p-p70S6K. ► p-4EBP1 expression was associated with poor prognostic factors of ovarian cancer. ► p-4EBP1 overexpression may be a prognostic biomarker of ovarian cancer.
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Tyrosine kinase A receptor (trkA): A potential marker in epithelial ovarian cancer  Original Research Article
Pages 13-23
Verónica Tapia, Fernando Gabler, Marcela Muñoz, Roberto Yazigi, Alfonso Paredes, Alberto Selman, Margarita Vega, Carmen Romero

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Research Highlights

► Experimental evidences showing the importance of trkA receptor in ovarian cancer. ► Also, p-trkA receptor could be used as a potential tumor marker for serous EOC. ► We suggest that NGF acts as a direct angiogenic factor through its receptor.
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DNA ploidy, nuclear size, proliferation index and DNA-hypomethylation in ovarian cancer  Original Research Article
Pages 24-31
Alain G. Zeimet, Heidi Fiegl, Georg Goebel, Francis Kopp, Claude Allasia, Daniel Reimer, Ilona Steppan, Elisabeth Mueller-Holzner, Melanie Ehrlich, Christian Marth

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► We analyze the impact of epigenetic alterations in 70 ovarian cancer specimens. ► Correlations between DNA-hypomethylation & nuclear area are identified. ► Correlations between DNA-hypomethylation and proliferation index are identified. ► Prognostic relevance of nuclear area is revealed in mucinous ovarian cancers. ► Prognostic relevance of DNA-hypomethylation is revealed in mucinous ovarian cancers.
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Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes and HPV16 variants and risk of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix  Original Research Article
Pages 32-42
M.L. Tornesello, S. Losito, G Benincasa, F. Fulciniti, G. Botti, S. Greggi, L. Buonaguro, F.M. Buonaguro

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►HPV16 is highly prevalent in invasive adenocarcinoma of the cervix in Italy. ►HPV16 E and non-E variants are unevenly distributed in cervical cancer. ►The HPV16 AA variant is highly frequent in cervical adenocarcinoma.
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Alterations in human papillomavirus-related biomarkers after treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia  Original Research Article
Pages 43-48
G. Valasoulis, G. Koliopoulos, C. Founta, M. Kyrgiou, I. Tsoumpou, O. Valari, P. Martin-Hirsch, A. Daponte, P. Karakitsos, E. Paraskevaidis

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Research Highlights

► There is a significant reduction in HPV related biomarkers' positivity rates after treatment for CIN. ► Apart from strict condom use no other factors were found to consistently affect biomarker (HPV DNA, mRNA, P16) status post-treatment. ► Assuming that negative biomarker status post-treatment is associated with lower recurrence rates, condom use after treatment should have a protective effect against recurrence. ► With the exception of HPV DNA testing, larger numbers of women are required to clarify the role of HPV related biomarkers in the follow up after treatment.
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High-risk human papillomavirus DNA test and p16INK4a in the triage of LSIL: A prospective diagnostic study  Original Research Article
Pages 49-53
I. Tsoumpou, G. Valasoulis, C. Founta, M. Kyrgiou, M. Nasioutziki, A. Daponte, G. Koliopoulos, V. Malamou-Mitsi, P. Karakitsos, E. Paraskevaidis

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►We assessed HR-HPV and p16 in identifying women with LSIL harboring CIN2 or worse. ►HR-HPV was more sensitive but less specific that p16. ►None of the tests could be used alone in the triage of LSIL.
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Polymorphisms in genes hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase-17b type 2 and type 4 and endometrial cancer risk  Original Research Article
Pages 54-58
Stalo Karageorgi, Monica McGrath, I-Min Lee, Julie Buring, Peter Kraft, Immaculata De Vivo

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Research Highlights

► Comprehensive examination of SNPs in estrogen metabolism genes HSD17b2 and HSD17b4 ► Examined in two prospective case-control studies nested within the NHS and WHS ► Novel findings reported in relation to endometrial cancer risk ► Endometrial cancer is a model of estrogen carcinogenesis ► SNP variation in these genes may not influence the risk of endometrial cancer
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Methylation of HPV16 genome CpG sites is associated with cervix precancer and cancer  Original Research Article
Pages 59-63
Chang Sun, Laura L. Reimers, Robert D. Burk

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Research Highlights

► Quantitative methods are used to evaluate DNA methylation. ► Methylation in HPV16 L1 ORF is significantly increased in CIN3+.
Original Research Reports
Health Services and Outcomes
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Incidence and timing of venous thromboembolism after surgery for gynecological cancer  Original Research Article
Pages 64-69
Abraham Peedicayil, Amy Weaver, Xujian Li, Erin Carey, William Cliby, Andrea Mariani

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Research Highlights

► The incidence of VTE after major surgery for gynecological cancer is 4%. ► Over 75% of VTE occurs after the 7th post-operative day. ► Ovarian cancer, prior VTE, and prolonged hospital stay are risk factors for late VTE.
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Hospital costs associated with adverse events in gynecological oncology  Original Research Article
Pages 70-75
Srinivas Kondalsamy-Chennakesavan, Louisa G. Gordon, Karen Sanday, Chantal Bouman, Suzanne De Jong, James Nicklin, Russell Land, Andreas Obermair

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►Surgical complications or adverse events are not uncommon in gynecologic oncology. ►Such events are associated with significant hospitalization costs. ►Evidence-based interventions to minimize such events are urgently required in this sub-specialty.
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Cost effectiveness of laparoscopy versus laparotomy in early stage endometrial cancer: A randomised trial  Original Research Article
Pages 76-82
Claudia B. Bijen, Karin M. Vermeulen, Marian J. Mourits, Henriëtte J. Arts, Henk G. ter Brugge, Rob van der Sijde, Jacobus Wijma, Marlies Y. Bongers, Ate G. van der Zee, Geertruida H. de Bock

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Research Highlights

► TLH is more costly intraoperatively and less costly postoperatively compared to TAH. ► TLH is cost effective compared to TAH. ► TLH should be the standard surgical procedure in early endometrial cancer.
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Endometrial cancer surgery in Arizona: A statewide analysis of access to care  Original Research Article
Pages 83-86
Ivor Benjamin, Heather Dalton, Yue Qiu, Leslie Cayco, William G. Johnson, James Balducci

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Research Highlights

► We queried a statewide database of over 7 million patients. ► Different patters of care were observed by insurance, race, surgeon and hospital. ► Hispanics and Native Americans as well as those with public insurance travel farther.
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Examining the effect of minority status and neighborhood characteristics on cervical cancer survival outcomes  Original Research Article
Pages 87-93
Jung-won Lim, Kimlin T. Ashing-Giwa

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Research Highlights

► Asian-Americans who lived in high-income regions showed a longer survival. ► Neighbors with a high proportion of African-Americans increased the risk of death. ► The effect of neighborhood on survival can contribute to understand cancer outcomes.
Ovarian Cancer
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Surgical staging of early stage epithelial ovarian cancer: Results from the CDC-NPCR ovarian patterns of care study  Original Research Article
Pages 94-99
Rosemary D. Cress, Katrina Bauer, Cynthia D. O'Malley, Amy R. Kahn, Maria J. Schymura, Jennifer M. Wike, Sherri L. Stewart, Gary S. Leiserowitz

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Research Highlights

► Adequacy of surgical staging was evaluated for early stage ovarian cancer patients. ► Involvement of a gynecologic oncologist increased the probability of adequate staging. ► Patients without lymph node assessment had nearly twice the risk of death. ► Lack of node sampling had a survival effect only on patients who had no chemotherapy.
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Robotic approach for ovarian cancer: Perioperative and survival results and comparison with laparoscopy and laparotomy  Original Research Article
Pages 100-105
Javier F. Magrina, Vanna Zanagnolo, Brie N. Noble, Rosanne M. Kho, Paul Magtibay

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Research Highlights

►Robotics and laparoscopy are preferable for selected patients. ►Laparotomy is preferable when two or more major procedures are necessary. ►Survival is not affected by the type of surgical approach.
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The impact of diabetes on survival in women with ovarian cancer  Original Research Article
Pages 106-111
Arvind Bakhru, Ronald J. Buckanovich, Jennifer J. Griggs

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Research Highlights

►Diabetes is common among cancer patients. ►Diabetics with ovarian cancer demonstrate strikingly poorer overall survival. ►Plausible biologic mechanisms exist by which diabetes may influence cancer prognosis.
Endometrial Cancer
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A phase II trial of carboplatin and docetaxel followed by radiotherapy given in a “Sandwich” method for stage III, IV, and recurrent endometrial cancer  Original Research Article
Pages 112-117
Melissa A. Geller, Joseph J. Ivy, Rahel Ghebre, Levi S. Downs Jr., Patricia L. Judson, Linda F. Carson, Amy L. Jonson, Kathryn Dusenbery, Rachel Isaksson Vogel, Matthew P. Boente, Peter A. Argenta

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Research Highlights

►Radiation sandwiched by chemotherapy is promising in advanced endometrial cancer. ►Extended PFS/OS were seen following “sandwich” therapy in advanced endometrial cancer. ►Low rates of neurotoxicity were reported with the docetaxel and carboplatin regimen.
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A phase II study of gemcitabine (gemzar, LY188011) in the treatment of recurrent or persistent endometrial carcinoma: A gynecologic oncology group study  Original Research Article
Pages 118-121
David L. Tait, John A. Blessing, James S. Hoffman, Kathleen N. Moore, Nick M. Spirtos, Jason A. Lachance, Jacob Rotmensch, David S. Miller

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Research Highlights

► Gemcitabine was minimally active in the treatment of advanced endometrial carcinoma. ► The partial response rate was 4% and the stable disease rate was 39%. ► Grade 3 or grade 4 toxicity occurred in 22% of patience.
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The incidence of isolated para-aortic nodal metastasis in completely staged endometrial cancer patients  Original Research Article
Pages 122-125
An-Jen Chiang, Ken-Jen Yu, Kuan-Chong Chao, Nelson N.H. Teng

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Research Highlights

► Isolated para-aortic lymph node metastases in endometrial cancer are uncommon. ► Individualized para-aortic lymphadenectomy is recommended for this disease. ► Para-aortic lymph node involvement does not appear to be an independent risk factor.
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A validation study of the new revised FIGO staging system to estimate prognosis for patients with stage IIIC endometrial cancer  Original Research Article
Pages 126-130
Yukiharu Todo, Hidenori Kato, Shinichiro Minobe, Kazuhira Okamoto, Yoshihiro Suzuki, Yosuke Konno, Mahito Takeda, Hidemichi Watari, Masanori Kaneuchi, Noriaki Sakuragi

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Research Highlights

►Prognostic factors for patients with stage IIIC endometrial cancer. ►Prognosis of patients with stage IIIC1 might not be better than that of patients with stage IIIC2. ►Prognosis of patients with stage IIIC would depend much more treatment than nodal status.
Cervical Cancer and Intraepithelial Neoplasia
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Pelvic exenteration in the age of modern chemoradiation  Original Research Article
Pages 131-134
Kate A. McLean, Weiya Zhang, Rebecca F. Dunsmoor-Su, Chirag A. Shah, Heidi J. Gray, Ron E. Swensen, Barbara A. Goff

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Research Highlights

►50% of patients develop recurrence following exenteration performed after chemoradiation. ►Survival is better in patients who necessitate exenteration. ► 2 years after initial treatment ►Electrothermal bipolar coagulation appears to significantly reduce blood loss during exenteration.
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Risk factors for poor prognosis in microinvasive adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix (IA1 and IA2): A pooled analysis  Original Research Article
Pages 135-142
June Hou, Gary L. Goldberg, Clifford R. Qualls, Dennis Y.S. Kuo, Aliza Forman, Harriet O. Smith

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Research Highlights

► Stage 1A1 and 1A2 MIAC has excellent survival, but is associated with remote recurrence. ► Parametria and ovarian metastasis are rare for Stage 1A MIAC. ► Significantly more ‘high risk’ cases are associated with endometrioid histology.
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Intra-operative detection of nodal metastasis in early stage cervical cancer: A survey of the practice patterns of SGO members  Original Research Article
Pages 143-147
Gunjal Garg, Jay P. Shah, Eugene P. Toy, Jayson B. Field, Christopher S. Bryant, J. Rebecca Liu, Robert T. Morris

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Research Highlights

► Most did not perform a routine frozen section evaluation of the lymph nodes. ► Most completed the radical hysterectomy with isolated positive pelvic lymph node. ► When completing radical hysterectomy, majority performed a less radical resection.
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Long-term persistence of human papillomavirus in environments  Original Research Article
Pages 148-151
Dah-Ching Ding, Ying-Cheng Chang, Hwan-Wun Liu, Tang-Yuan Chu

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Research Highlights

► A high environmental survivability of HPV was noted in various contamination scenarios. ► HPV survives much less in cervico-vaginal secretion and upon desiccation.
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Clinical importance of “low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL-H)” terminology for cervical smears: 5-year analysis of the positive predictive value of LSIL-H compared with ASC-H, LSIL, and HSIL in the detection of high-grade cervical lesions with a review of the literature  Original Research Article
Pages 152-156
Umit Ince, Ozlem Aydin, Onder Peker

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Research Highlights

► The risk of CIN 2+ was intermediate for LSIL-H compared with LSIL and HSIL. ► LSIL-H diagnosis would aid in more rapid detection in some patients with CIN 2+. ► LSIL-H should be considered a distinct category separate from LSIL and HSIL.
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Treatment of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia with topical imiquimod: Seven years median follow-up of a randomized clinical trial  Original Research Article
Pages 157-162
Annelinde Terlou, Manon van Seters, Patricia C. Ewing, Neil K. Aaronson, Chad M. Gundy, Claudia Heijmans-Antonissen, Wim G.V. Quint, Leen J. Blok, Marc van Beurden, Theo J.M. Helmerhorst

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Research highlights

► First study reporting on long-term follow-up of imiquimod treatment for VIN. ► We demonstrate that treatment with imiquimod is an effective long-term therapy. ► Small VIN lesions are more likely to respond completely to imiquimod treatment.
Quality of Life



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The impact of prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy on menopausal symptoms and sexual function in women who carry a BRCA mutation  Original Research Article
Pages 163-168
A. Finch, K.A. Metcalfe, J.K. Chiang, L. Elit, J. McLaughlin, C. Springate, R. Demsky, J. Murphy, B. Rosen, S.A. Narod
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Abstract

Objective

Prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy is recommended to women who carry a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation to reduce the risks of breast, ovarian and fallopian tube cancer. We measured the impact of prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy on menopausal symptoms and sexual functioning in women with a BRCA mutation.

Methods

Women who underwent prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy between October 1, 2002 and June 26, 2008 for a known BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation were invited to participate. Participants completed questionnaires before prophylactic surgery and again one year after surgery. Measures of sexual functioning and menopausal symptoms before and after surgery were compared. Satisfaction with the decision to undergo prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy was evaluated.

Results

114 women who underwent prophylactic surgery completed questionnaires before and one year after surgery. Subjects who were premenopausal at the time of surgery (n = 75) experienced a significant worsening of vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes, night sweats and sweating) and a decline in sexual functioning (desire, pleasure, discomfort and habit). The increase in vasomotor symptoms and the decline in sexual functioning were mitigated by HRT, but symptoms did not return to pre-surgical levels. HRT decreased vaginal dryness and dyspareunia; however, the decrease in sexual pleasure was not alleviated by HRT. Satisfaction with the decision to undergo prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy remained high regardless of increased vasomotor symptoms and decreased sexual function.

Conclusions

Women who undergo prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy prior to menopause experience an increase in vasomotor symptoms and a decrease in sexual functioning. These symptoms are improved by HRT, but not to pre-surgical levels.

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Research Highlights

► Premenopausal women experienced increased vasomotor symptoms and decreased sexual function. ► HRT after surgery mitigated these symptoms but not to pre-surgery levels. ► The decrease in sexual pleasure was not alleviated by hormone replacement therapy.
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Quality of life and sexual functioning in endometrial cancer survivors  Original Research Article
Pages 169-173
Meike Becker, Tetyana Malafy, Michaela Bossart, Karl Henne, Gerald Gitsch, Dominik Denschlag

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Research Highlights

► Adjuvant external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) reduces the rate of locoregional relapse in endometrial cancer survivors. ► Adjuvant vaginal brachytherapy (VBT) and EBRT seem to provide comparable local control. ► Adjuvant VBT does not seem to have impact on quality of life and sexual function.
Translational Science
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EFEMP1 expression promotes angiogenesis and accelerates the growth of cervical cancer in vivo  Original Research Article
Pages 174-180
En-lin Song, Ya-ping Hou, Shen-ping Yu, Sheng-guo Chen, Jun-ting Huang, Tao Luo, Ling-ping Kong, Jie Xu, Hua-qiao Wang

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Research Highlights

► EFEMP1 protein promotes proliferation and invasion of Hela cells. ► EFEMP1 accelerates the tumor growth of cervical cancer in vivo. ► EFEMP1 promotes the angiogenesis of cervical cancer in vivo. ► EFEMP1 has no effect on tube formation of HUVECs.
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Expression of GLUT-1 in epithelial ovarian carcinoma: Correlation with tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, survival and ability to predict optimal cytoreduction  Original Research Article
Pages 181-186
Assaad Semaan, Adnan R. Munkarah, Haitham Arabi, Sudeshna Bandyopadhyay, Shelly Seward, Sanjeev Kumar, Aamer Qazi, Yasser Hussein, Robert T. Morris, Rouba Ali-Fehmi

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Research Highlights

►GLUT-1 is a significant prognostic marker in EOC. ►GLUT-1 is a predictor of optimal cytoreduction in rapidly dividing tumors. ►GLUT-1 is a possible therapy target in patients with EOC.
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Dasatinib (BMS-35482) has synergistic activity with paclitaxel and carboplatin in ovarian cancer cells  Original Research Article
Pages 187-192
Deanna Teoh, Tina A. Ayeni, Jennifer M. Rubatt, David J. Adams, Lisa Grace, Mark D. Starr, William T. Barry, Andrew Berchuck, Susan K. Murphy, Angeles Alvarez Secord

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Research Highlights

► Dasatinib has activity in ovarian cancer cells. ► Dasatinib acts synergistically with carboplatin and paclitaxel. ► Further research to identify predictive biomarkers of dasatinib response is needed.
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Anti-tumor activity of an anti-DR5 monoclonal antibody, TRA-8, in combination with taxane/platinum-based chemotherapy in an ovarian cancer model  Original Research Article
Pages 193-199
Kerri S. Bevis, Lacey R. McNally, Jeffery C. Sellers, Deborah Della Manna, Angelina Londoño Joshi, Hope Amm, J. Michael Straughn Jr., Donald J. Buchsbaum

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Research Highlights

► Combination treatment with chemotherapy and TRA-8 significantly inhibits cell viability in vitro. ► TRA-8 and chemotherapy prolong survival in an ovarian cancer model. ► Treatment with chemotherapy + TRA-8 resulted in high levels of caspase-3 and PARP cleavage.
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Overexpression of miR-429 induces mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) in metastatic ovarian cancer cells  Original Research Article
Pages 200-205
Jing Chen, Lijuan Wang, Lilya V. Matyunina, Christopher G. Hill, John F. McDonald

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Research Highlights

► miR-429 induces MET in a highly metastatic ovarian cancer cell line. ► Most miR-429 induced molecular changes are indirect. ► miR-429 may be of therapeutic value in reducing OC metastasis and tumor recurrence.
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Expression of γ-H2AX in endometrial carcinomas: An immunohistochemical study with p53  Original Research Article
Pages 206-211
Andreas H. Brunner, Susanne Hinterholzer, Paul Riss, Georg Heinze, Katharina Weiss, Hermann Brustmann

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►γ-H2AX is a marker of activated DNA damage. ►In endometrial carcinoma staining of γ-H2AX and p53 is strongly correlated. ►Increasing expression of γ-H2AX is associated with unfavourable prognostic factors.
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Tissue-specific signatures of activating PIK3CA and RAS mutations in carcinosarcomas of gynecologic origin  Original Research Article
Pages 212-217
Whitfield B. Growdon, Breton N. Roussel, Vanessa L. Scialabba, Rosemary Foster, Dora Dias-Santagata, A. John Iafrate, Leif W. Ellisen, Rosemary H. Tambouret, Bo R. Rueda, Darrell R. Borger

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Research highlights

► Broad-based genotyping identified mutations in 46% of gynecologic carcinosarcomas. ► Mutations were present in both carcinomatous and sarcomatous histological elements. ► Mutations in PIK3CA, KRAS and NRAS were confined to uterine carcinosarcomas.
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The expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and c-Met in uterine serous carcinoma  Original Research Article
Pages 218-223
Erin A. Bishop, Ernst R. Lengyel, S. Diane Yamada, Anthony Montag, Sarah M. Temkin

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Research Highlights

►c-Met and HGF are overexpressed in endometrial cancer ►Overexpression is higher in patients with serous cancer that low grade carcinoma ►In uterine serous carcinoma increased expression correlates to decreased survival
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Hypermethylated DAPK in serum DNA of women with uterine leiomyoma is a biomarker not restricted to cancer  Original Research Article
Pages 224-229
Norman Häfner, Herbert Diebolder, Lars Jansen, Ines Hoppe, Matthias Dürst, Ingo B. Runnebaum

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Research Highlights

► Hypermethylated DAPK is present in sera of ovarian cancer and leiomyoma patient ► The high prevalence of leiomyomas compromises the specificity of DAPK as marker for ovarian cancer. ► Imperative to include patients with benign proliferative disease in marker finding studies.
Review



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Overview of anti-angiogenic agents in development for ovarian cancer  Review Article
Pages 230-238
Robert A. Burger
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Abstract

Objective

To review the rationale for targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathways for anti-angiogenic therapy in patients with ovarian cancer and to summarize the currently available data with agents that block these pathways.

Methods

Relevant papers and studies were identified by searches conducted on Medline using the terms angiogenesis, ovarian cancer, VEGF, PDGF, FGF, receptor, kinase, and inhibitor alone or in combination as well as by searches by drug name and by review of abstracts presented at recent oncology meetings.

Results

The VEGF pathway is considered to be the key driver of angiogenesis, but the PDGF and FGF pathways also play important roles and may contribute to resistance to VEGF-specific blockade. Each pathway may also promote tumorigenesis; tumor cell overexpression of these growth factors and their receptors have been detected in ovarian tumor specimens, suggesting that autocrine loops may lead to tumor growth and progression. Selective inhibitors of the VEGF pathway (e.g., bevacizumab and VEGF Trap) as well as VEGF/PDGF pathway inhibitors (e.g., sorafenib and sunitinib) and VEGF/PDGF/FGF pathway inhibitors (e.g., cediranib, pazopanib, and BIBF 1120) have shown single-agent activity in women with ovarian cancer in phase II trials. Response rates of up to 21% have been reported with several agents in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. Phase III trials with many anti-angiogenic agents in the treatment of ovarian cancer are currently ongoing.

Conclusions

Anti-angiogenic agents may provide an improvement in the treatment of patients with recurrent ovarian cancer and may be useful when incorporated into first-line platinum/taxane therapy. It remains to be determined whether multitargeted agents will offer greater clinical benefit than specific VEGF pathway inhibitors.

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Research Highlights

► Angiogenesis is fundamental to disease progression in epithelial ovarian cancers. ► Various angiogenic growth factor (VEGF) pathway inhibitors have demonstrated activity in ovarian cancer. ► Angiogenic inhibitors are associated with unique adverse effects. ► Anti-angiogenics are being evaluated infront-line and recurrent disease settings.
Case Report
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Skin scar recurrence following removal of a sentinel lymph node containing a solitary micrometastasis of squamous cell vulval cancer  
Pages 239-240
E.L. Moss, L. Hirschowitz, D.M. Luesley

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Research highlights

► Skin scar recurrences may not always be clinically apparent. ► Lymphadenectomy after identification of positive sentinel nodes should include skin scar excision.
Reviewer Acknowledgement
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Reviewer Acknowledgement  
Pages 241-243

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