paywalled: Science behind cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in humans: A clinical study

Science behind cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in humans: A clinical study: Publication year: 2012



Objective To investigate the relationship between serum electrolyte changes and cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity.


Conclusions The present study demonstrates that, acute nephrotoxicity was observed in patients with different types of cancers undergoing cisplatin based chemotherapy due to electrolyte disturbances, when no corrective measures were initiated.

open access (pdf) Underestimating Cardiac Toxicity in Cancer Trials: Lessons Learned?

Underestimating Cardiac Toxicity in Cancer Trials:Lessons Learned?

Sunitinib (Sutent; Pfizer, New York, NY) represents one of the
most successful cancer therapies, with US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for three malignancies and ongoing trials in more than 30 tumor types.1,2 It also represents an instructive example revealing how adverse events can be vastly underestimated. The purpose of this article is to critically evaluate the history of the underrecognition of the cardiac toxicity of sunitinib and to propose solutions to improve adverse event monitoring for future therapies.......

"Cardiac toxicity from a wide variety of tyrosine kinase inhibitors
is now recognized to be of importance, with toxicity observed
from both on- and off-target effects. In the case of sunitinib, which
inhibits more than 50 kinases, mechanisms likely include inhibition
of angiogenesis and disturbances of mitochondrial structure
and energy metabolism—both potentially similarly important for
tumor proliferation.11,13"

open access: Intraoperative radiotherapy electron boost in advanced and recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma: a retrospective study - 45 pts

Blogger's Note: interesting study worth reading

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome and toxicity of intraoperative electron beam radiation therapy (IOERT) in advanced and recurrent EOC.

Conclusions

IOERT may be feasible and effective as a boosting technique for advanced and recurrent ovarian cancer. IOERT plus IP chemotherapy may achieve high locoregional disease control and survival benefit with a low risk of toxicity. Peripheral nerves in the IOERT field are dose-limiting structures requiring nerve protection policies or a dose compromise to ensure against severe neurological damage.

Patients

This study was a non-randomized trial and included retrospective analysis of 45 women with EOC who were treated with IOERT at the 1st Affiliated Hospital of the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University between January 2000 and January 2010.........The mean follow-up time was 78 months (range: 11-123 months).........

Table 1

Patient Characteristics

	Total	PD	ILR
Cases	45	25	20
Histology type
serous adenocarcinoma	36	21	16
papillary adenocarcinoma	9	4	4
CA-125 level
≥ 35 U/ml	38	20	18
< 35 U/ml	4	3	1
unknown	3	2	1

Conclusions
IOERT may be feasible and effective as a boosting technique to treat advanced and recurrent ovarian cancers. IOERT plus IP chemotherapy may achieve high locoregional disease control and survival benefit with a low risk of toxicity. However, careful attention should be paid to peripheral nerves as specific IOERT dose-limiting structures.

abstract: Health-related quality of life in recurrent platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer—results from the CALYPSO trial

Background: In the CALYPSO trial, carboplatin–pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (CD) demonstrated superior therapeutic index versus carboplatin–paclitaxel (CP) in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. This paper reports the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) findings.

Conclusions: These patient-reported outcomes confirm the overall lower toxicity of CD versus CP. The improved disease-related outcomes achieved with CD were not at the expense of QoL.

abstract: Phase I clinical trial of alternating belotecan and oral etoposide in patients with platinum-resistant or heavily treated ovarian cancer (total 6 patients/phase 1)

Abstract: 
This study was designed to determine the maximum tolerated dose and toxicity profile of belotecan in combination with oral etoposide in patients with platinum-resistant or heavily treated ovarian cancer, fallopian tubal cancer, and primary peritoneal cancer.

"....Thus, the maximum tolerated dose was reached (50 mg of oral etoposide) and the trial was terminated. The response was evaluable in nine patients and an objective response was observed in four patients (44%) including two complete responses."

Cancerwise newsletter: Patients Face Debilitating Challenges Related to Toxicities in Cancer Treatment

abstract: Aromatase inhibitor therapy: toxicities and management strategies in the treatment of postmenopausal women with hormone-sensitive early brea

Mechanism of action and toxicities of purgatives used for colonoscopy preparation

Take home message: Although generally safe and effective, colonic purgatives have both acute and permanent toxicities. The safest preparations utilize PEG combined with a balanced electrolyte solution. Limitations of this preparation center on the volume required and poor taste. Alternative formulations are now available; however, those using sodium phosphate have fallen out of favor due to a risk of renal toxicity

Read More: http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1517/17425255.2011.542411