Showing posts with label cancer prevention. Show all posts
Showing posts with label cancer prevention. Show all posts
Wednesday, June 20, 2012
Wednesday, April 25, 2012
Supplements and cancer prevention: A cautionary tale - Journal of National Cancer Institute - press release
Supplements and cancer prevention: A cautionary tale
Public release date: 25-Apr-2012
Journal of the National Cancer Institute
Supplements and cancer prevention: A cautionary tale
Government regulators and the scientific community should work to ensure that they give clear guidance to the public about dietary supplements and cancer risk, according to a commentary published April 25 in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.Evidence from animal, in vitro and observational studies has suggested that taking dietary supplements may lower cancer risk. However, the small number of randomized controlled studies, the gold standard in evidence-based medicine, has not confirmed this—and some studies have actually shown that supplements may increase cancer risk. Still, the supplement industry is booming, with estimated annual sales at $30 billion in the U.S.
To examine the potential role of dietary supplements and cancer risk, Maria Elena Martinez, Ph.D., of the University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center and colleagues, looked at observational studies of several supplements, including anti-oxidants, folic acid, vitamin D, and calcium. Several observational studies found that diets high in fruits and vegetables were associated with lower risk of certain cancers, including respiratory and gastrointestinal. Specifically, with respect to anti-oxidant supplements, the authors found that: "The importance of oxidative stress for carcinogenesis does not establish that the administration of supplemental antioxidants will protect against the carcinogenesis that oxidative stress may induce." Furthermore, they write, "Supplementation by exogenous antioxidants may well be a two-edged sword; these compounds could, in vivo, serve as pro-oxidants or interfere with any of a number of protective processes such as apoptosis induction." Indeed, several antioxidant trials the researchers examined reported increased cancer risks with supplementation. They looked at trials with supplements using folic acid, vitamin D and calcium, among other compounds.
The researchers caution against taking dietary supplements for
cancer prevention, adding that many expert committees and organizations
have concluded that nutritional supplements have little or no benefit in
cancer prevention. They say that more randomized control
trials—spanning many years instead of just a few—are needed to verify
the effect of nutritional supplementation in cancer risk.
Monday, March 05, 2012
Fallopian Tube Removal as a Method of Ovarian Cancer Prevention: A Descriptive Study - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Fallopian Tube Removal as a Method of Ovarian Cancer Prevention: A Descriptive Study
This study is currently recruiting participants.
Verified February 2012 by University of Washington
First Received on February 28, 2012. Last Updated on March 2, 2012 History of Changes
Purpose
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to better understand why women choose to have their fallopian tubes removed as a method for ovarian cancer prevention. This will be done through a paper questionnaire and phone interviews. The investigators hope to gain information that will allow us to better counsel women about ovarian cancer prevention.
| Sponsor: | University of Washington |
|---|---|
| Information provided by (Responsible Party): | Elizabeth Swisher, University of Washington |
| ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: | NCT01544049 |
Wednesday, February 29, 2012
abstract: Priorities for cancer prevention: lifestyle choices versus unavoidable exposures
Priorities for cancer prevention: lifestyle choices versus unavoidable exposures:
Source: The Lancet Oncology
"Although cancer prevention in the USA and other developed countries focuses on disease attributable to lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol intake, sun exposure, and obesity, cancer caused by involuntary exposures is a concern. The term environmental is ambiguously used to distinguish between lifestyle and unavoidable exposures. The general community is said to be vulnerable to carcinogens encountered in pollution, contaminated food, and consumer products. In view of these concerns, assessments of the carcinogenicity of particular chemicals are of little assistance in prevention of cancer. Appraisal of cancer attributable to widespread and localised pollution, pesticides, endocrine disrupting chemicals, and consumer products yields diverse outcomes, from established causation to absence of harm. The precautionary principle is not a practicable approach for unknown carcinogenic risks. Procedures for individuals to reduce exposure to recognised or suspect carcinogens in consumer products are not effective measures for cancer prevention. Anxiety concerning insidious cancer causation could divert attention from proven means of cancer prevention."
Tuesday, March 22, 2011
abstract: Healthy eating index and ovarian cancer risk - Cancer Causes and Control
Abstract
The evidence for a role of diet on ovarian cancer prevention remains inconclusive. While many studies have evaluated individual foods and food groups, the evaluation of a comprehensive dietary quality index for predicting cancer risk has received little attention. This study investigates the association between the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), which reflects adherence to the current USDA Dietary Guidelines for Americans and ovarian cancer risk in a population-based case–control study in New Jersey. A total of 205 cases and 390 controls completed the Block 98.2 food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in addition to reporting on potential risk factors for ovarian cancer. FFQ data were then utilized to calculate the HEI score, and cup, ounce, gram, or caloric equivalents for the 12 different food groups comprising the index. In multivariate models, the OR (overall risk) for the highest tertile of the HEI score compared with the lowest (reflecting a better diet compared with a worse diet) was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.55–1.47).
There was limited evidence for a statistically significant association between any of the 12 individual food components and ovarian cancer risk. Based on this study’s results, neither individual food groups nor dietary quality showed potential for preventing ovarian cancer.
There was limited evidence for a statistically significant association between any of the 12 individual food components and ovarian cancer risk. Based on this study’s results, neither individual food groups nor dietary quality showed potential for preventing ovarian cancer.
Wednesday, March 09, 2011
2011 March Cancer Prevention Research articles/references: Ovarian Cancer Biomarker Performance in Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial Specimens — Cancer Prev Res
Wednesday, September 01, 2010
Preventive Surgeries Linked To Lower Risk Of Breast And Ovarian Cancer - BRCA mutations/international study
news article:
free full text/paper:
http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/304/9/967
"Women who have in herited mutations inthe BRCA1 or BRCA2(BRCA1/2) genes have substantially elevated risks of breast cancer and ovarian cancer, with a lifetime risk of breast cancer of 56% to 84%.1-3 The estimated ovarian cancer risks range from 36% to 63% for BRCA1 mutation carriers and 10% to 27% for BRCA2 mutation carriers.3-6 Women who are mutation carriers have cancer risk–management options that include risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy, risk-reducing mastectomy, annual cancer screening, and chemoprevention. Due to the lack of effective screening for ovarian cancer, salpingo-oophorectomy is strongly recommended once childbearing is complete."
Saturday, August 14, 2010
Protocol: Cochrane Collaboration - Vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults
Objectives
To assess the beneficial and harmful effects of vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults.
Abstract
This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows:
To assess the beneficial and harmful effects of vitamin D supplementation for prevention of cancer in adults.
Why it is important to do this review
The available evidence on vitamin D and cancer incidence is intriguing but inconclusive. Results of recently completed randomised clinical trials testing the influence of vitamin D supplementation for cancer prevention are inconsistent. Lappe et al found that vitamin D supplementation is associated with significantly decreased cancer incidence (Lappe 2007). On the contrary, another large randomised clinical trial found no effect of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on cancer incidence (Wactawski-Wende 2006). A recent meta-analysis by Autier and Gandini of 18 randomised clinical trials found significantly lower mortality in vitamin D supplemented participants (Autier 2007). We have been unable to identify any systematic reviews of randomised trials on vitamin D supplementation for cancer prevention.
Wednesday, June 30, 2010
Wednesday, April 14, 2010
Monday, April 05, 2010
Thursday, February 18, 2010
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