paywalled: Dairy foods and nutrients in relation to risk of ovarian cancer and major histological subtypes - Merritt - International Journal of Cancer - Wiley Online Library

Dairy foods and nutrients in relation to risk of ovarian cancer and major histological subtypes 

Abstract

Inconsistent results for the role of dairy food intake in relation to ovarian cancer risk may reflect the potential adverse effects of lactose, which has been hypothesized to increase gonadotropin levels, and the beneficial anti-proliferative effects of calcium and vitamin D. Using data from the New England case-control study (1909 cases; 1989 controls) we examined dairy foods and nutrients in relation to risk of ovarian cancer overall, histological subtypes, and rapidly fatal versus less aggressive disease. We used logistic regression and polytomous logistic regression to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. In models that were simultaneously adjusted for total (dietary plus supplements) calcium, total vitamin D and lactose, we observed a decreased overall risk of ovarian cancer with high intake of total calcium (Quartile 4 (Q4, >1319 mg/day) vs. Quartile 1 (Q1, <655 mg/day), odds ratio (OR)=0.62, 95% Confidence Interval (CI)=0.49 - 0.79); the inverse association was strongest for serous borderline and mucinous tumors. High intake of total vitamin D was not associated overall with ovarian cancer risk, but was inversely associated with risk of serous borderline (Q4, >559 IU/day vs. Q1, <164 IU/day, OR=0.51, 95% CI=0.34-0.76) and endometrioid tumors (Q4 vs. Q1, OR=0.55, 95% CI=0.39-0.80). We found no evidence that lactose intake influenced ovarian cancer risk, or that risk varied by tumor aggressiveness in the analyses of intake of dairy foods and nutrients. The overall inverse association with high intake of calcium, and the inverse associations of calcium and vitamin D with specific histological subtypes warrant further investigation.

Dietary Acrylamide Intake and the Risk of Lymphatic Malignancies: The Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer

Dietary Acrylamide Intake and the Risk of Lymphatic Malignancies: The Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer

"..Recent analyses within the NLCS, the Nurses’ Health Study, and a Danish cohort study [11], [12], [13], [14] showed a positive association for endometrial, ovarian, and estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, suggesting that disturbance of sex hormonal balances may be a mechanism of acrylamide carcinogenesis, which can also be suggested based on the rat carcinogenicity assays [7], [8]. Although it cannot be concluded from the present study, hormonal imbalances might be a mechanism of acrylamide carcinogenesis for lymphatic malignancies as well....

paywalled: Meat and fish consumption and risk of pancreatic cancer – results from the european prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition - International Journal of Cancer

Blogger's Note: implications for all cancers/research

Meat and fish consumption and risk of pancreatic cancer – results from the european prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition - Rohrmann - International Journal of Cancer

Conclusion:

Our results do not support the conclusion of the World Cancer Research Fund that red or processed meat consumption may possibly increase the risk of pancreatic cancer. The positive association of poultry consumption with pancreatic cancer might be a chance finding as it contradicts most previous findings.

paywalled: (re: juice plus) Gynecologic Oncology - A randomized parallel-group dietary study for stages II–IV ovarian cancer survivors

 Blogger's Note: reference prior posting (juice plus) noting that the audio indicated that the study was done on those ovarian cancer survivours without active disease, not indicated in this abstract (defining cancer survivors?); as well, not indicated (needs confirmation) in the audio is that the study size was small at 51 patients

ScienceDirect.com - Gynecologic Oncology - A randomized parallel-group dietary study for stages II–IV ovarian cancer survivors

A randomized parallel-group dietary study for stages II–IV ovarian cancer survivors 

• Received 29 September 2011. Accepted 15 November 2011. Available online 23 November 2011.

• http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.11.031, How to Cite or Link Using DOI

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Abstract

Objective

Few studies have examined the dietary habits of ovarian cancer survivors. Therefore, we conducted a study to assess the feasibility and impact of two dietary interventions for ovarian cancer survivors.

Methods

In this randomized, parallel-group study, 51 women (mean age, 53 years) diagnosed with stages II–IV ovarian cancer were recruited and randomly assigned to a low fat, high fiber (LFHF) diet or a modified National Cancer Institute diet supplemented with a soy-based beverage and encapsulated fruit and vegetable juice concentrates (FVJCs). Changes in clinical measures, serum carotenoid and tocopherol levels, dietary intake, anthropometry, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) were assessed with paired t-tests.

Results

The recruitment rate was 25%, and the retention rate was 75% at 6 months. At baseline, 28% and 45% of women met guidelines for intake of fiber and of fruits and vegetables, respectively. After 6 months, total serum carotenoid levels and α- and β-carotene concentrations were significantly increased in both groups (P < 0.01); however, β-carotene concentrations were increased more in the FVJC group. Serum β-cryptoxanthin levels, fiber intake (+ 5.2 g/day), and daily servings of juice (+ 0.9 servings/day) and vegetables (+ 1.3 servings/day) were all significantly increased in the LFHF group (all P < 0.05). Serum levels of albumin, lutein and zeaxanthin, retinol, and retinyl palmitate were significantly increased in the FVJC group (all P < 0.05). No changes in cancer antigen-125, anthropometry, or HRQOL were observed.

Conclusion

Overall, this study supports the feasibility of designing dietary interventions for stages II–IV ovarian cancer survivors and provides preliminary evidence that a low fat high fiber diet and a diet supplemented with encapsulated FVJC may increase phytonutrients in ovarian cancer survivors.

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Highlights

► Many ovarian cancer survivors fail to meet current guidelines for dietary intake.
► A low-fat diet supplemented with encapsulated fruit and vegetable juice concentrates can improve carotenoid levels.
► Encapsulated fruit and vegetable juice concentrates may help bridge the gap between what is consumed and what is needed.

Common Gastro Disease Occurs Even With High-Fiber Diet - Drugs.com MedNews

FRIDAY Jan. 27, 2012 -- Eating a high-fiber diet does not lower a person's risk of diverticulosis, but a low-fiber diet might, according to a new study that contradicts what doctors have believed for decades....

abstract: Feasibility of a lifestyle intervention for ovarian cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to assess the feasibility of a lifestyle intervention for promoting physical activity (PA) and diet quality during adjuvant chemotherapy for ovarian cancer.

METHODS:

Patients were enrolled post-operatively and received PA and nutrition counseling, at every chemotherapy visit for six cycles. Quality of life (QoL) was measured with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT-G), PA with the Leisure Score Index (LSI), dietary intake with 3-day food records, and symptom severity/distress by the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS). Pedometer step count was collected during chemotherapy cycles.

RESULTS:

Recruitment was 73% with 27 patients enrolled. Mean [95% confidence interval] change in minutes of PA from cycle #3 to following cycle #6 was 61min [-3, 120] p=0.063, and from baseline to after cycle #6 was 73min [-10, 15]; p=0.082. Mean change in total fruit and vegetable consumption between baseline and during chemotherapy was 0.56 [-0.09, 0.64]; p=0.090. FACT-G increased from 75.4 at baseline to 77.6 during chemotherapy and 83.9 following chemotherapy (p=0.001 for change from baseline to post-chemotherapy).


Mean total MSAS ( Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale) score was 20.6 at baseline, 26.6 at cycle #3 and decreased to 17.0 following chemotherapy (p=0.01 comparison of cycle #3 and following chemotherapy). Increased moderate to strenuous PA was correlated with higher physical well-being during chemotherapy (r=0.48, p=0.037).

CONCLUSIONS:

Lifestyle counseling during adjuvant chemotherapy for ovarian cancer is feasible and may improve PA and diet quality. Randomized controlled trials examining the effects of lifestyle counseling on quality of life and treatment outcomes in ovarian cancer patients are warranted.

abstract: Healthy eating index and ovarian cancer risk - Cancer Causes and Control

Abstract

The evidence for a role of diet on ovarian cancer prevention remains inconclusive. While many studies have evaluated individual foods and food groups, the evaluation of a comprehensive dietary quality index for predicting cancer risk has received little attention. This study investigates the association between the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), which reflects adherence to the current USDA Dietary Guidelines for Americans and ovarian cancer risk in a population-based case–control study in New Jersey. A total of 205 cases and 390 controls completed the Block 98.2 food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in addition to reporting on potential risk factors for ovarian cancer. FFQ data were then utilized to calculate the HEI score, and cup, ounce, gram, or caloric equivalents for the 12 different food groups comprising the index. In multivariate models, the OR (overall risk) for the highest tertile of the HEI score compared with the lowest (reflecting a better diet compared with a worse diet) was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.55–1.47).
There was limited evidence for a statistically significant association between any of the 12 individual food components and ovarian cancer risk. Based on this study’s results, neither individual food groups nor dietary quality showed potential for preventing ovarian cancer.

abstract: Healthy eating index and ovarian cancer risk. [Cancer Causes Control. 2011] - PubMed result

The evidence for a role of diet on ovarian cancer prevention remains inconclusive.
While many studies have evaluated individual foods and food groups, the evaluation of a comprehensive dietary quality index for predicting cancer risk has received little attention.
This study investigates the association between the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), which reflects adherence to the current USDA Dietary Guidelines for Americans and ovarian cancer risk in a population-based case-control study in New Jersey. A total of 205 cases and 390 controls completed the Block 98.2 food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in addition to reporting on potential risk factors for ovarian cancer. FFQ data were then utilized to calculate the HEI score, and cup, ounce, gram, or caloric equivalents for the 12 different food groups comprising the index. In multivariate models, the OR for the highest tertile of the HEI score compared with the lowest (reflecting a better diet compared with a worse diet) was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.55-1.47).
There was limited evidence for a statistically significant association between any of the 12 individual food components and ovarian cancer risk. Based on this study's results, neither individual food groups nor dietary quality showed potential for preventing ovarian cancer.

Consumption of dietary fat and meat and risk of ovarian cancer - the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Design: The NLCS includes 62,573 postmenopausal women, aged 55–69 y at baseline, who completed a baseline questionnaire on dietary habits and other risk factors for cancer in 1986. After 16.3 y of follow-up, 340 ovarian cancer cases and 2161 subcohort members were available for a case-cohort analysis. Multivariable rate ratios (RRs) were adjusted for age at baseline, total energy intake, oral contraceptive use, and parity

Weight, Physical Activity, Diet, and Prognosis in Breast and Gynecologic Cancers — JCO

Abstract

Diet, physical activity, and weight may affect prognosis among women who are diagnosed with breast or gynecologic cancer. Observational studies show associations between being overweight or obese and weight gain with several measures of reduced prognosis in women with breast cancer and some suggestion of poor prognosis in underweight women. Observational studies have shown an association between higher levels of physical activity and improved breast cancer–specific and all-cause mortality, although a dose-response relationship has not been established. One large randomized controlled trial reported increased disease-free survival after a mean of 5 years in patients with breast cancer randomly assigned to a low-fat diet versus control. However, another trial of similar size found no effect from a high vegetable/fruit, low-fat diet on breast cancer prognosis. The few reported studies suggest that obesity negatively affects endometrial cancer survival, while the limited data are mixed for associations of weight with ovarian cancer prognosis. Insufficient data exist for assessing associations of weight, physical activity, or diet with prognosis in other gynecologic cancers. Associations of particular micronutrient intake and alcohol use with prognosis are not defined for any of these cancers. The effects of dietary weight loss and increase in physical activity on survival or recurrence in breast and gynecologic cancers are not yet established, and randomized controlled trials are needed for definitive data.

Time Course of Risk Factors in Cancer Etiology and Progression — JCO

Blogger's Note: in the absence of the full paper, 'may' is not definitive

 Abstract

Patients with cancer increasingly ask what they can do to change their lifestyles and improve outcomes. Risk factors for onset of cancer may differ substantially from those that modify survival with implications for counseling. This review focuses on recent data derived from population-based studies of causes of cancer and of patients with cancer to contrast risk factors for etiology with those that impact survival. For different cancer sites, the level of information to inform the timing of lifestyle exposures and risk of disease onset or progression after diagnosis is often limited. For breast cancer, timing of some exposures, such as radiation, is particularly important. For other exposures, such as physical activity, higher levels may prevent onset and also improve survival. For colon cancer, study of precursor polyps has provided additional insight to timing. Extensive data indicate that physical activity reduces risk of colon cancer, and more limited data suggest that exposure after diagnosis improves survival. Dietary factors including folate and calcium may also reduce risk of onset. More limited data on prostate cancer point to obesity increasing risk of aggressive or advanced disease. Timing of change in lifestyle for change in risk of onset and for survival is important but understudied among patients with cancer. Counseling patients with cancer to increase physical activity and avoid weight gain may improve outcomes. Advice to family members on lifestyle may become increasingly important for breast and other cancers where family history is a strong risk factor.

abstract: EvidenceUpdates (Review) including professional commentaries: Drug and dietary interactions of the new and emerging oral anticoagulants

Weight, Physical Activity, Diet, and Prognosis in Breast and Gynecologic Cancers JCO (abstract)

ABSTRACT

Diet, physical activity, and weight may affect prognosis among women who are diagnosed with breast or gynecologic cancer. Observational studies show associations between being overweight or obese and weight gain with several measures of reduced prognosis in women with breast cancer and some suggestion of poor prognosis in underweight women. Observational studies have shown an association between higher levels of physical activity and improved breast cancer–specific and all-cause mortality, although a dose-response relationship has not been established. One large randomized controlled trial reported increased disease-free survival after a mean of 5 years in patients with breast cancer randomly assigned to a low-fat diet versus control. However, another trial of similar size found no effect from a high vegetable/fruit, low-fat diet on breast cancer prognosis. The few reported studies suggest that obesity negatively affects endometrial cancer survival, while the limited data are mixed for associations of weight with ovarian cancer prognosis. Insufficient data exist for assessing associations of weight, physical activity, or diet with prognosis in other gynecologic cancers. Associations of particular micronutrient intake and alcohol use with prognosis are not defined for any of these cancers. The effects of dietary weight loss and increase in physical activity on survival or recurrence in breast and gynecologic cancers are not yet established, and randomized controlled trials are needed for definitive data.

Weight, Physical Activity, Diet, and Prognosis in Breast and Gynecologic Cancers --JCO (abstract)

ABSTRACT
Diet, physical activity, and weight may affect prognosis among women who are diagnosed with breast or gynecologic cancer. Observational studies show associations between being overweight or obese and weight gain with several measures of reduced prognosis in women with breast cancer and some suggestion of poor prognosis in underweight women. Observational studies have shown an association between higher levels of physical activity and improved breast cancer–specific and all-cause mortality, although a dose-response relationship has not been established. One large randomized controlled trial reported increased disease-free survival after a mean of 5 years in patients with breast cancer randomly assigned to a low-fat diet versus control. However, another trial of similar size found no effect from a high vegetable/fruit, low-fat diet on breast cancer prognosis. The few reported studies suggest that obesity negatively affects endometrial cancer survival, while the limited data are mixed for associations of weight with ovarian cancer prognosis. Insufficient data exist for assessing associations of weight, physical activity, or diet with prognosis in other gynecologic cancers. Associations of particular micronutrient intake and alcohol use with prognosis are not defined for any of these cancers. The effects of dietary weight loss and increase in physical activity on survival or recurrence in breast and gynecologic cancers are not yet established, and randomized controlled trials are needed for definitive data.

Dr William Li: Can we eat to starve cancer? (anti-angiogenesis) | Video on TED.com (20 minutes video/text - full access)

Note: this video/text was brought to my attention through the Cochrane Collaboration's Consumer Network; references Dr Folkman (cancer without disease), Avastin,food/diet eg. food as drugs research

Editorial: Diet and Survival after Ovarian Cancer: Where Are We and What's Next?

  Note: pay-per-view

Journal of the American Dietetic Association
Volume 110, Issue 3, March 2010, Pages 366-368

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Research

Diet and Survival after Ovarian Cancer: Where Are We and What's Next?

Cynthia A. Thomson PhD, RD, CSO and David S. Alberts MD

Article Outline

The Problem

Diet and Survival

Weight Gain a Subsequent Risk

Time to Fill the Research Gaps

Acknowledgements

References

Vitae

Search of: ovarian cancer | Open Studies | Adult - Results by Topic - ClinicalTrials.gov

Search results for Dietary Supplement - ovarian cancer:

Acidophilus 1 study
Arginine 1 study
Calciferol 4 studies
Cholecalciferol 3 studies
Citrate 13 studies
Folate 7 studies
Folic Acid 7 studies
Folinic Acid 8 studies
Orange 1 study
Tea 1 study
Tyrosine 1 study
Vitamin B9 7 studies
Vitamin D3 3 studies