OVARIAN CANCER and US

Monday, August 01, 2016

Setting the Body’s ‘Serial Killers’ Loose on Cancer - The NY Times (ref to OC)

Archeological Finds Push First Known Cancer Back 2 Million Years (not new eg. breast cancer Egyptian times)

medical news

FRIDAY, July 29, 2016 (HealthDay News) -- Researchers report that they have unearthed the earliest evidence of bone tumors and cancers, dating back almost 2 million years.
The discoveries challenge the belief that cancer is a disease of modern life, the study authors said.
"Modern medicine tends to assume that cancers and tumors in humans are diseases caused by modern lifestyles and environments. Our studies show the origins of these diseases occurred in our ancient relatives millions of years before modern industrial societies existed,"....

Alcohol Use & Breast Cancer Survival (WHI) - spoiler alert - No

Abstract

Conclusion: In this large study, consumption of alcohol before or after breast cancer diagnosis did not increase risks of overall or cause-specific mortality.

Impact: Coupled with existing evidence, alcohol consumption is unlikely to have a substantial impact on mortality among breast cancer patients. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(8); 1268–73. ©2016 AACR.

Bias Explains Most of the Parent-of-Origin Effect on Breast Cancer Risk in BRCA1/2 Mutation Carriers

abstract

Conclusion: A parent-of-origin effect is present after correction for referral bias by family history, but correction for the personal cancer history made the effect disappear.

Impact: There is no conclusive evidence regarding incorporating a BRCA1/2 parent-of-origin effect in breast cancer risk prediction models. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(8); 1251–8. ©2016 AACR.

open access: Effectiveness of Prophylactic Surgeries in BRCA1 or BRCA2 Mutation Carriers

open access:
Effectiveness of Prophylactic Surgeries in BRCA1 or BRCA2 Mutation Carriers: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review

Purpose: To systematically investigate the effectiveness of prophylactic surgeries (PS) implemented in women carrying BRCA1/2 mutations.

Sunday, July 31, 2016

Return to work after cancer treatment of gynecologic cancer in Japan

Full Text

MSH3 Gene - GeneCards (endometrial, bladder, gastric, clear cell ovarian...)

MSH3 Gene

Disorder

	Aliases	PubMed IDs
endometrial cancer ^{16 2346 91 142}	endometrial cancer, familial See all 11 »
superficial urinary bladder cancer ⁹¹	superficial urinary bladder carcinoma See all 2 »
gastric leiomyoma ⁹¹	leiomyoma of the stomach
phlebotomus fever ⁹¹	pappataci fever See all 5 »
ovarian clear cell carcinoma ¹⁹¹	clear-cell ovarian carcinoma

Microsatellite status and immunohistochemical features of ovarian clear-cell carcinoma.

Ueda H, Watanabe Y, Nakai H, (and 3 more) ; Anticancer Res (2005); PMID: 16080527

Ovarian clear-cell carcinoma (OCC) is known to have a poor prognosis and selected genetic features of OCC remain unknown. We investigated microsatellite instability (MSI) and the expression of the DNA mismatch repair-related protein, p53. MSI was examined by polymerase chain reaction using mono-, di-, tri- and tetranucleotide repeat markers, and hMSH2, hMLH1, hMSH6, MSH3 and p53 were determined immunohistochemically in 24 cases of OCC. A total of 9 (37.5%) cases exhibited MSI. Two cases (8.3%) exhibited MSI-H in mononucleotide repeat loci with the negative expression of hMLH1, while another 7 cases (29.2%) exhibited selected trinucloetide repeat MSI (MSI-TR). Of these MSI-TR cases, 4 cases (57.1%) were determined to be negative for MSH3, while hMSH2, hMSH6, MSH3 and p53 expressions were normal. Our findings suggest that MSI-TR would be a feature indicating the microsatellite status in OCC, and that the loss of MSH3 expression may promote MSI-TR.

open access: Menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer: what is the true size of the increased risk? (UK study)

British Journal of Cancer

The BGS is a cohort study of 113 693 women from the United Kingdom, aged 16 years, from whom questionnaire information and informed consent was gained at recruitment during 2003–2015. The first follow-up questionnaire was completed at 2.5 years after recruitment, a second at ~6 years, and a third at 9.5 years. The study was approved by the South East Multi-Centre Research Ethics Committee.

Conclusions:

Lack of updating MHT status through follow-up and inclusion of women with inferred menopausal age is likely to result in substantial underestimation of the excess relative risks for oestrogen plus progestogen MHT use in studies with long follow-up, limited updating of exposures, and changing or short durations of use.

Ovarian and tubal cancer in Denmark: An update on incidence and survival

abstract

Introduction

The Nordic countries are high-incidence areas of ovarian cancer, however, differences between the countries exist.

Material and Methods

We used the Danish Cancer Registry to identify 11 264 cases of ovarian cancer and 363 cases of tubal cancer during 1993–2013. We calculated age-standardized (WSTP) incidence rates for overall and subtype-specific ovarian cancer, and for tubal cancer. We compared age-standardized incidence rates, and 1- and 5-year age-standardized relative survival rates, respectively, for ovarian and tubal cancer combined in four Nordic countries using the NORDCAN database.

Results

The incidence rate of ovarian cancer overall in Denmark decreased statistically significant by approximately 2.3% per year among women aged <70 years, whereas no change was seen among women aged 70+ years. In the <70 age-group, the incidence of serous tumors was fairly steady, whereas that of other and unspecified epithelial tumors decreased significantly by 6.4% per year. The incidence of tubal cancer was quite stable. In Norway and Finland, the incidence rates of ovarian and tubal cancer combined decreased from 1993 to 2013 in women aged <70 years, whereas in Sweden the incidence rates decreased independently of age. The 1- and 5-year relative survival rates of ovarian and tubal cancer combined increased during the study period in all the Nordic countries. Denmark had the lowest survival, however, the survival rates approached those of the other countries in recent years.

Conclusions

In Denmark, the positive development in ovarian cancer has continued during recent years with a lower incidence and an increased survival.

Mammography in women with an implanted medical device: impact on image quality, pain and anxiety

abstract

Advances in knowledge:

Little is known about the quality of mammography in women with an IMD or how these women and radiographers experience the screening examination. The results of our study showed that having an IMD could result in a suboptimal mammogram and increased discomfort

Being a caregiver to patients with ovarian cancer: A scoping review of the literature

abstract

OBJECTIVE:

Ovarian cancer differs from many other cancer diagnoses due to its late diagnosis and high rates and frequencies of recurrences. The physical and psychosocial wellbeing of patients are well documented in the literature, however limited research exists specifically on their friends and family, or caregivers. The goal of this review was to examine the state of the literature on ovarian cancer caregivers.

METHOD:

A scoping review was conducted on any articles describing caregivers of patients with ovarian cancer. Databases were searched systematically using key terms related to ovarian cancer and caregiving. Both authors screened articles for eligibility. Grey literature was also consulted.

RESULTS:

19 articles were identified after screening: nine quantitative, five qualitative, two mixed-methods, two case studies and a personal account. Quantitative studies were conducted over different time-points in the disease trajectory, whereas qualitative studies and the personal account spanned the whole trajectory. Collectively, the studies suggested that the experience of being a caregiver to patients with ovarian cancer changes overtime, as the first year post-diagnosis shows little compromise in wellbeing and quality of life, which then steadily declines throughout the rest of the disease trajectory. Studies commented on quality of life, distress, needs, social wellbeing, spirituality, relationships with healthcare providers, relationships with patients, physical health and financial wellbeing.

CONCLUSIONS:

This scoping review of the literature demonstrates little peer-reviewed evidence on the experiences and quality-of-life of ovarian cancer caregivers. This population experiences physical and psychosocial challenges that merit exploration, to subsequently aid in designing interventions.

References

Canadian Cancer Society's Advisory Committee on Cancer Statistics. in: Canadian Cancer Society's Advisory Committee on Cancer Statistics (Ed.) Canadian Cancer Statistics 2014. Canadian Cancer Society, Toronto, ON; 2014.
Goff, B.A., Mandel, L.S., Melancon, C., Muntz, H.G. Frequency of symptoms of ovarian cancer in women presenting to primary care clinics. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 2004;291:2705–2712.
- Crossref
- | PubMed
- | Scopus (209)
Jelovac, D., Armstrong, D.K. Recent progress in the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2011;61:183–203.
- Crossref
- | PubMed
- | Scopus (150)

Systematic evaluation of multiple immune markers reveals prognostic factors in ovarian cancer

abstract

Highlights

•Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and CD20+ B cells play a critical role in ovarian cancer.
•Markers for tumor infiltrating lymphocyte homing and function have survival benefits.
•Presence of HLA Class II staining translates directly to ovarian cancer prognosis.

Abstract

Objective

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. Several factors prognostic for survival have been identified including the presence of certain lymphocyte markers. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), particularly cytotoxic CD8+ TILs, have been shown to be most favorable for prognosis in ovarian cancer, although other immune cells including CD3+ T-cells, CD4+ T-cells, and B-cells have also demonstrated survival benefits. Although data for these markers exists, results are not uniform in the literature. Furthermore, other immunomodulatory protein markers that have been targeted in effective immunotherapies for other malignancies may prove to be favorable in ovarian cancer.

Methods

Here, extensive immunohistochemical analysis was performed on a tissue microarray, containing 135 ovarian cancer cases obtained during tumor debulking detecting 15 key lymphocyte markers such as CD3, CD4, and CD20, as well as activation and immunomodulatory molecules such as TIA-1 and PD-L1. Samples were analyzed for expression of markers in tumor islets or stroma and expression was correlated with overall survival, histotype, stage, age, debulking grade, and response to chemotherapy.

Results

Our results confirm the presence of CD8+ and CD20+ TILs is positively correlated with overall survival, with further multivariate modeling replicating that prognostic benefit. Additional markers of significant prognostic importance, including TIA-1, CD103 and HLA Class-II were also revealed.

Conclusions

Our results further support the vital role of cytotoxic T-cells in defense against ovarian cancer and reveals new questions as to the role of B-cells in tumor control as well as the potential benefits of immunotherapy involving other immune modulating molecules.

Ovarian yolk sac tumor in postmenopausal females: a report of five cases and a literature review

abstract

PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION:

Little is known regarding ovarian yolk sac tumor (YST) in postmenopausal females. The authors aimed to investigate the clinical features and prognosis of postmenopausal patients with ovarian YST.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Five cases of ovarian YST in postmenopausal females were retrospectively reviewed. A MEDLINE search was performed to identify postmenopausal patients with ovarian YST.

RESULTS:

Four patients had Stage I or II disease (Stage IC, IIC, and IIB in one, two, and one patient, respectively), and one patient demonstrated an unclear stage. All five patients received surgery and postoperative chemotherapy. Four of the patients received chemotherapy with a regimen of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin, and one patient received cisplatin as first-line chemotherapy. Of the four patients who had no residual tumors at the initial surgery, three patients recurred at 3.0, 8.5, and 9.0 months after diagnosis, respectively. The three patients who had recurrence lived for an additional time of 21.8, 10.0, and 11.5 months after relapse. Four patients died of the disease at 30.8, 18.5, 14.5, and 8.5 months after diagnosis; one patient survived without tumor at 40.0 months. The three-year survival was 20.0%. Of the 12 cases identified from the literature, the three-year survival was 34.0%.

CONCLUSION:

The clinical features of ovarian YST in postmenopausal females, such as stage distribution, were similar compared to young patients. Postmenopausal patients with ovarian YST may have a worse prognosis compared to young patients.

A rare case of microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma arising in mature cystic teratoma of the ovary

Abstract

Malignant transformation of a mature cystic teratoma (MCT) of the ovary is rare, with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) being the most common type. The authors report a novel case of microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma arising in a mature cystic teratoma of the ovary. A 56-year-old woman presented with a 12-cm mass, which was diagnosed as a left ovarian mature cystic teratoma preoperatively by ultrasonography. Subsequently, laparoscopic surgery for the ovarian tumor was performed. The pathologic diagnosis was microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma arising in a mature cystic teratoma of the ovary. Appropriate staging surgery was then performed, with no evidence of malignant tissue except for the removed left ovary. Microinvasive SCC arising in MCT of the ovary is extremely rare, and, to the best of the authors' knowledge, this has not previously been reported in the literature.

DNA Repair Gene Expression Levels (ATM/MSH2) as Indicators of Breast Cancer in the Breast Cancer Family Registry

open access

In the current study, we demonstrated an association between reduced ATM and MSH2 expression levels and breast cancer status.

While ATM is a known breast cancer susceptibility gene, a role for a deficiency in MSH2, or any other constituents of the mismatch repair pathway, has not been commonly reported in association with breast cancer risk. MSH2, acts in conjunction with either MSH6 to recognize small loops and insertions or MSH3 to recognize single base mismatches in the mismatch repair pathway.

Analysis conducted using GEE indicated an inverse association between ATM expression level and breast cancer status with expression assessed as a continuous variable (odds ratio (OR)=1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.02, 1.18). Upon tertiling expression level, a significant association with breast cancer status was observed among women in the lowest tertile of expression for MSH2 (OR=1.90, 95%CI=1.21, 2.97). Adjusting for age at blood draw and smoking status did not appreciably alter the estimates from the crude model (Table II).

Effects of lifestyle intervention in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers on nutrition, BMI, and physical fitness (LIBRE study)

(Germany) Effects of lifestyle intervention in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers on nutrition, BMI, and physical fitness (LIBRE study): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial | Trials | Full Text

Discussion

As data on the role of lifestyle intervention in women with a hereditary risk for breast and ovarian cancer are currently lacking, this study will be of major importance from a scientific, as well as a practical advice viewpoint. It will investigate the optimal strategy to improve physical fitness, nutritional status, and psychological factors such as quality of life, perceived stress, optimism, as well as incidence and outcome of cancer in this selected group of women at high risk. If the study indicates a positive long-term outcome, a structured lifestyle intervention program could be added to health care prevention strategies for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02516540. Registered on 22 July 2015.

Locations

Germany
Humboldt Universität zu Berlin	Recruiting
Berlin, Germany