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Monday, October 31, 2016

What’s the one word (ovarian) cancer patients never want to hear?



KevinMd.com

 
 She had come to see me in consultation. A professor at a local university, she was well until four years earlier when she developed abdominal bloating and pain — telltale signs of ovarian cancer.....
 “What the hell does that mean?”

Consider. It’s a word I’ve used in many instances and with many patients. Yet, I never really stopped to think about just how little that says.

NCI: What Is Cancer?



What Is Cancer
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NCI clinical trial: A Phase 2 Study of Cediranib in Combination with Olaparib in Advanced Solid Tumors



View Clinical Trial NCT02498613

Canadian Hospital Errors Hurting Thousands Of Patients: Report



media

 "Don't ever let a health-care professional look at you, tell you something and walk away ... you should never be (thinking) 'What did he say? I don't know,'''

Research findings may lead to new treatment option ( calpeptin)



medical news

OA: Phase-specific and lifetime costs of (adult) cancer care in Ontario, Canada (poplation 13.8 million)



Full Text

 Costs were mainly due to hospital admissions and, to a lesser extent, physician services.

Methods

We selected all adult patients diagnosed with a primary cancer between 1997 and 2007, with valid ICD-O site and histology codes, and who survived 30 days or more after diagnosis, from the Ontario Cancer Registry (N = 394,092). Patients were linked to treatment data from Cancer Care Ontario and administrative health care databases at the Institute for Clinical and Evaluative Sciences. Net costs (i.e., cost difference between patients and matched non-cancer control subjects) were estimated by phase of care and sex, and used to estimate 5-year and lifetime costs.

Table of Contents


In Canada, medically necessary health care is funded for all permanent residents through universal public health care insurance plans managed by provincial/territorial governments. In Ontario, residents are covered by the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (MOHLTC). This includes services provided in hospital and by physicians as well as other services. In many cases, once care is provided outside of hospitals, patients may be required to pay out-of-pocket for direct medical costs, such as prescription drugs or home care.


Sunday, October 30, 2016

Do Ovarian Cancer Patients with a Family History of Cancer (Suspected BRCA1 or BRCA2 Mutation) Suffer Greater Chemotherapy Toxicity?



abstract:
Do Ovarian Cancer Patients with a Family History of Cancer (Suspected BRCA1 or BRCA2 Mutation) Suffer Greater Chemotherapy Toxicity?: Cancer Investigation

Objective: Few studies have examined toxicity from potentially curative chemotherapy in ovarian cancer patients at risk for breast cancer susceptibility (BRCA) mutation.  
Methods/Results: Ninety-four of the 482 patients appeared at risk for a mutation based on family history and 23 had a confirmed mutation. Hospitalization or emergency department visits were not increased based on family history with odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 0.88 and 0.90), respectively; similar findings were observed with confirmed mutations. Trends favored improved survival.
Conclusions: Concern for a BRCA mutation should not preclude full dose chemotherapy in ovarian cancer patients treated with curative intent.

The condo boom is pushing Toronto’s downtown hospitals to the limit (ER's)



The Globe and Mail

total page views: Nov 2004 - Oct 2016 (850,785)



http://feeds.feedburner.com/blogspot/UnpPW

 

most popular reads (past 24 hrs): Ovarian Cancer and Us (top 5)



http://feeds.feedburner.com/blogspot/UnpPW

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this week's stats - who and what was being read - Ovarian Cancer and Us (blog)



 by Browser:


#1: FB
#2: Google


by Country:


#1: United States

#2: Netherlands

#3: Germany

#4: Canada

#5: Portugal

#6: France

#7: Romania

#8: Russia

#9: Brazil

#10: Italy

 

Top 10:

























































































Saturday, October 29, 2016

Canadian Cancer Society, Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation announce plans to merge



CTV News

  The two national health charities plan to amalgamate under the Canadian Cancer Society banner.
 The Canadian Cancer Society also announced on Friday the appointment of Lynne Hudson as President and CEO, effective immediately.
                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 Lynne Hudson is the Chief Executive Officer of the Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation, the largest non-government funder of breast cancer research in Canada.

Cost-effectiveness of routine screening for Lynch syndrome in endometrial cancer patients up to 70years of age



abstract

Purpose

To assess cost-effectiveness of routine screening for Lynch Syndrome (LS) in endometrial cancer (EC) patients ≤ 70 years of age.

Methods

Consecutive EC patients ≤ 70 years of age were screened for LS by analysis of microsatellite instability, immunohistochemistry and MLH1 hypermethylation. Costs and health benefit in life years gained (LYG) included surveillance for LS carriers among EC patients and relatives. We calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) comparing LS screening among EC patients ≤ 70 years with ≤ 50 years and the revised Bethesda guidelines.

Conclusion

Routine LS screening in EC patients ≤ 70 years is a cost-effective strategy, allowing colorectal cancer prevention in EC patients and their relatives.

Platinum desensitization in patients with carboplatin hypersensitivity: A single-institution retrospective study



abstract

Highlights

Highlights an effective, safe and short desensitization protocol
Allows hypersensitive patients to continue with carboplatin therapy
Employs a straightforward home and inpatient premedication regimen
Identifies factors that help to risk stratify patients undergoing desensitization
Decreases the burden on health care by reducing admissions to the hospital and ICU

Objectives

The carboplatin desensitization (CD) protocol presented here allows patients with either a positive skin test or a prior hypersensitivity reaction (HSR) to safely, rapidly and effectively continue with carboplatin infusions. Newly described factors can identify patients at risk for developing adverse events during CD.

Methods

A retrospective review was performed on patients with gynecologic cancer who underwent CD between 2005 and 2014. The CD protocol uses a four-step dilution process over 3.5 h.

Results

129 patients underwent CD and completed a total of 788 cycles. The desensitization protocol prevented HSRs in 96% (753 out of 788) of these cycles. Patients achieved an average of 6.1 cycles (SD ± 4.55, range 0–23) with CD. The CD protocol allowed 73% (94 of 129) of the patients to undergo carboplatin infusion without reaction. Patients with moderate to life-threatening HSRs (grade 2 through 4) were 10.5 years younger at initial CD than patients with grades 0 or 1 HSRs (52.3 vs. 63, P = 0.0307). One patient death occurred during her thirteenth desensitization cycle. The HSR in this case was complicated by pre-exisiting pulmonary hypertension.

Conclusions

This is the largest study of its kind showing a safe, effective and rapid (3.5 h) CD protocol. The majority of patients with a history of either carboplatin hypersensitivity reaction or a positive skin test completed the CD protocol without HSRs. Age was identified as a risk factor for HSR severity during CD. Age can be employed along with pre-load dependent cardiac conditions as a way to help risk stratify patients undergoing CD.

Cisplatin can be safely administered to ovarian cancer patients with hypersensitivity to carboplatin



abstract

Highlights

HSR are a common adverse event in patients rechallenged with carboplatin for ROC
Carboplatin-PLD is associated with a lower risk of developing HSR compared to other doublets
Several strategies have been developed to continue platinum-based therapy in these patients.
Cisplatin rechallenge in patients with carboplatin HSR is a safe and feasible approach.
In patients treated with cisplatin without a carboplatin-related HSR, a low rate of cisplatin-related HSR has been detected.

Hypersensitivity reactions (HSR) are frequently reported in patients rechallenged with carboplatin for recurrent ovarian cancer (ROC) and represent a critical issue, since discontinuation of the platinum-based therapy could affect prognosis. Several strategies to allow platinum rechallenge have been described, with controversial outcomes. The aim of this study is to illustrate a 10-year experience with cisplatin in patients with a previous HSR to carboplatin or at risk for allergy. A retrospective review of all patients with platinum sensitive ROC retreated with carboplatin was performed between January 2007 and May 2016 at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples. Among 183 patients, 49 (26.8%) presented HSR to carboplatin, mainly during second line therapy. Mean number of cycles before HSR was 8 (range 3–17). G2, G3 and G4 reaction were detected in 83%, 15% and 2% of patients, respectively. In a multivariate analysis including age, hystotype, BRCA status, previous known HSR, and combination drug administered, only the type of carboplatin-based doublet used as 2nd line therapy was found to significantly affect HSR development, with a protective effect of PLD (pegylated liposomal doxorubicin) (p = 0.014, OR = 0.027). Thirty seven patients (77%) with a previous HSR to carboplatin were rechallenged with cisplatin. Treatment was generally well tolerated. 5 patients (13.1%) experienced mild HSR to cisplatin, successfully managed in all cases. 14 patients were treated with cisplatin even without a carboplatin-related HSR due to other allergies. Among these, only one developed HSR (7.1%). Cisplatin rechallenge is a feasible approach in patients experiencing HSR to carboplatin to maintain the beneficial effect of platinum while reducing hypersensitivity-related risks.

Perioperative fluid status and surgical outcomes in patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer



Diuresis is when the body has too many of certain substances in the fluid that the kidneys filter. Eventually this fluid becomes urine and increases the amount of water expelled by the body, leading to increased or excessive urination.
                                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
abstract:

Highlights

Positive fluid status is common after cytoreductive surgery for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.
Positive fluid status after cytoreductive surgery is associated with surgical site infections.
Fluid management is a key component of interventions to prevent surgical site infections.

Objective

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of fluid status on perioperative outcomes of patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery (CRS) for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).

Methods

Patients undergoing CRS for stage III or IV EOC at a comprehensive cancer center from 12/2010 to 05/2015 were identified. Those who underwent upper abdominal procedures or colon resections were included. Demographic, perioperative, and 30-day complication data were collected. Perioperative weight change was utilized as a surrogate for fluid status. The time to diuresis (tD) was defined as the postoperative day the patient's weight began to downtrend.

Results

One hundred ten patients were included. Median age was 62 years and median BMI 25.8 kg/m2. The majority (74.5%) were stage IIIC. At least 1 bowel resection was performed in 60 cases (54.5%). A median of 5381 mL of crystalloid (range 1000–17,550 mL) and 500 mL of colloids (range 0–2783 mL) was given intraoperatively. The median perioperative weight change was + 7.3 kg (range − 0.9 kg to + 35.7 kg). The median tD was 3 days (range 1–17 days). On univariate analysis, net positive fluid status was associated with unscheduled reoperation, anastomotic leak, surgical site infections (SSI), and length of stay > 5 days. On multivariate analysis, fluid status was independently associated with SSI (p = 0.01). (surgical site infection)

Conclusions

Perioperative fluid excess is common in patients undergoing CRS for EOC and is independently associated with SSI.

Medical Illustration: Ureter Perforation (eg. adhesions)



Medical Illustration

(calpain inhibitor) Study identifies potential combination therapy for ovarian cancer



medical news

In a comparative analysis, the authors previously described the similarities in the genetic and epigenetic events of breast and ovarian cancer suggesting a common epigenetic origin. They have shown before that combination of histone deacetylase inhibitors with calpain inhibitor produced enhanced growth inhibition and cell death in different types of breast cancer cells including triple negative as they observed in different types of cells in this study.

Toronto’s downtown hospitals are struggling to keep up with demand - The Globe and Mail



The Globe and Mail

 ...They are also disadvantaged by a Byzantine hospital-funding formula that is not nimble enough to respond to such an extraordinary spike in traffic at one cluster of hospitals, according to a June, 2016, report commissioned by the local health authority that oversees Toronto.
“EDs can’t survive in this way,” Dr. Chopra said. “You’ll have staff dissatisfaction, patient dissatisfaction, poor patient outcomes. We have been extremely lucky that somebody hasn’t died.”...

Dysregulation of Aromatase in Breast, Endometrial, and Ovarian Cancers: An Overview of Therapeutic Strategies



abstract

 Aromatase is the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of estrogens, which play crucial roles on a spectrum of developmental and physiological processes. The biological actions of estrogens are classically mediated by binding to two estrogen receptors (ERs), ERα and ERβ. Encoded by the cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP19A1) gene, aromatase is expressed in a wide variety of tissues, as well as benign and malignant tumors, and is regulated in a pathway- and tissue-specific manner. Overexpression of aromatase, leading to elevated systemic levels of estrogen, is unequivocally linked to the pathogenesis and growth of a number malignancies, including breast, endometrium, and ovarian cancers. Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are routinely used to treat estrogen-dependent breast cancers in postmenopausal women; however, their roles in endometrial and ovarian cancers remain obscure. While AI therapy is effective in hormone sensitive cancers, they diminish estrogen production throughout the body and, thus, generate undesirable side effects. Despite the effectiveness of AI therapy, resistance to endocrine therapy remains a major concern and is the leading cause of cancer death. Considerable advances, toward mitigating these issues, have evolved in conjunction with a number of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors for countering an assortment of diseases and cancers, including the aforesaid malignancies. HDACs are a family of enzymes that are frequently dysregulated in human tumors. This chapter will discuss the current understanding of aberrant regulation and expression of aromatase in breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers, and potential therapeutic strategies for prevention and treatment of these life-threatening diseases.

Integrating precision cancer medicine into healthcare—policy, practice, and research challenges



Full Text

Conclusions

We have attempted to highlight some of the salient issues in the implementation of PCM. As summarized in Table 2, we have described a number of areas in which new standards need to be established before PCM implementation, including the collection, analysis, and sharing of cancer patient samples and data, as well as the need for new clinical trial designs. In addition, we have identified areas where significant research efforts are needed before PCM policies can be established, notably regarding the non-genetic aspects of cancer. This discussion is, by choice, more selective than comprehensive, and some elements might be missing from this list. However, we have identified broad themes that we think should be tackled by policymakers who are presently taking decisions on PCM implementation. A better understanding of the complex scientific and policy issues posed by PCM by all stakeholders is desirable in order to find solutions and improve the translation of PM in public and private health systems.
 
Table 1
The contribution of genomic information to precision cancer medicine
The contribution of genomic information to precision cancer medicine
Typical example(s)
Cancer risk reduction
Genetic testing of BRCA1/BRCA2 in hereditary breast cancer and ovarian cancer; MSH2/MSH6/MLH in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer; RB1 in retinoblastoma
Early detection
Liquid biopsies
Accurate diagnosis
Using molecular markers in tumor classification
Targeted therapy
EGFR inhibitors to treat EGFR mutation carriers; BRAF inhibitors to treat BRAF V600E carriers; Tyrosine-kinase inhibitor to treat BCR–ABL fusion protein

Sexual pain in women after cancer is common, and too often ignored



UCDMC
 Frequently written off as psychological, pain usually amenable to treatment.
 Kennedy said the most common cause of sexual pain in women with cancer is low estrogen levels, which, in fact, has a physical basis and typically results from hormonal therapy, ovary removal or radiation to the pelvic region.

Friday, October 28, 2016

Physiopathological factors affecting the diagnostic value of serum HE4-test for gynecologic malignancies



Physiopathological factors affecting the diagnostic value of serum HE4-test for gynecologic malignancies


Introduction: Serum epididymis protein 4 (HE4) represents a useful biomarker for the management of ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer patients. However, HE4 levels are affected by many physiopathological conditions or disorders that should be taken into consideration for an efficient application of this biomarker.
Areas covered: The review provides an up-to-date reference on the multiple physiopathological factors that cause fluctuation of HE4 serum levels, and evaluates their impact on HE4-test in clinical settings. Potential mechanisms underlying the regulation of HE4 expression are also discussed. The review is based on data from literature search of PubMed and the author’s opinions.

Expert commentary: Studies have shown that physiopathological factors such as age, infection/inflammation, renal function, menopause and hormonal levels impose significant impacts on HE4 serum levels. HE4 amount shed into the circulation is related to HE4 expression and secretion by tumor as well as normal tissues, which is affected by cancer heterogeneity, vascular permeability, renal clearance and HE4 degradation. Investigation on interfering factors builds a basis for the construction of a quantitative logarithm for individualized application of HE4-test in clinical settings.
                    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Pathophysiology or physiopathology is a convergence of pathology with physiology. Pathology is the medical discipline that describes conditions typically observed during a disease state, whereas physiology is the biological discipline that describes processes or mechanisms operating within an organism.

Open Access: Pain evaluation during gyn surveillance in women with Lynch syndrome (endometrial sampling)



open access:

 We suggest that more attention is needed for the impact of pain during endometrial sampling and use of painkillers should be encouraged (NSAID’s). Other less painful methods such as combining with colonoscopy under conscious sedation [18, 19], liquid biopsies in blood [23] and analysing endometrial tissue to detect endometrial cancer by tampons [24] should be explored to omit painful repetitive endometrial sampling in women with LS.

Very large treatment effects in randomised trials as an empirical marker to indicate whether subsequent trials are necessary



Very large treatment effects in randomised trials as an empirical marker to indicate whether subsequent trials are necessary: meta-epidemiological assessment

 Caution should be taken when interpreting small studies with very large  treatment effects.

Does baby powder cause cancer? Another jury says yes



medical news

Do foods high in glycemic (sugar) index increase breast cancer risk?



AICR Blog

 An analysis of 19 studies found no link between breast cancer risk and diets high in GI beyond what could occur by chance.

(Lynch Syndrome) DNA repair capacity in multiple pathways predicts chemoresistance in glioblastoma multiforme



abstract

Cancer cells can resist the effects of DNA-damaging therapeutic agents via utilization of DNA repair pathways, suggesting that DNA repair capacity (DRC) measurements in cancer cells could be used to identify patients most likely to respond to treatment. However, the limitations of available technologies have so far precluded adoption of this approach in the clinic. We recently developed fluorescence-based multiplexed host cell reactivation (FM-HCR) assays to measure DRC in multiple pathways. Here we apply a mathematical model that uses DRC in multiple pathways to predict cellular resistance to killing by DNA-damaging agents. This model, developed using FM-HCR and drug sensitivity measurements in 24 human lymphoblastoid cell lines, was applied to a panel of 12 patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of glioblastoma (GBM) to predict GBM response to treatment with the chemotherapeutic DNA damaging agent temozolomide (TMZ). This work showed that, in addition to changes in O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) activity, small changes in mismatch repair (MMR), nucleotide excision repair (NER), and homologous recombination (HR) capacity contributed to acquired TMZ resistance in PDX models, and lead to reduced relative survival prolongation following TMZ treatment of orthotopic mouse models in vivo. Our data indicate that measuring the combined status of MMR, HR, NER, and MGMT provided a more robust prediction of TMZ resistance than assessments of MGMT activity alone.

Index: Nov 2016 Special Issue on New Anticancer Agents



Table of Contents

Thursday, October 27, 2016

open access: Editorial - Cranberry for Urinary Tract Infection? CAM



The JAMA Network (open access)

....The continuing promotion of cranberry use to prevent recurrent UTI in the popular press or online advice seems inconsistent with the reality of repeated negative studies or positive studies compromised by methodological shortcomings. Any continued promotion of the use of cranberry products seems to go beyond available scientific evidence and rational reasoning. Some of this conviction is likely an interest of individuals or groups to promote the use of natural health products for clinical benefits, allowing avoidance of medical interventions and, potentially, giving women who experience recurrent UTI an element of personal control in managing their problem. The current emphasis on antimicrobial stewardship and limiting antimicrobial use whenever possible also may have some influence in the continued endorsement of cranberry juice or tablets as a nonantimicrobial strategy for management of UTI.
What should be the current view of the role of cranberry products for prevention of recurrent UTI in women? The evidence, further supported by the study by Juthani-Mehta et al in an important population, is convincing that cranberry products should not be recommended as a medical intervention for the prevention of UTI. A person may, of course, choose to use cranberry juice or capsules for whatever reason she or he wishes. However, clinicians should not be promoting cranberry use by suggesting that there is proven, or even possible, benefit. Clinicians who encourage such use are doing their patients a disservice. Recurrent UTI is a common problem that is distressing to patients and because it is so frequent and costly for the health care system. It is time to identify other potential approaches for management. This certainly must include a wiser use of antimicrobial therapy for syndromes of recurrent UTI in women in long-term care facilities. Other possible interventions to explore in this and other populations may include, among other approaches, adherence inhibitors or immunologic interventions. Intellectual discussions and clinical trial activity should be redirected to identify and evaluate other innovative antimicrobial and nonantimicrobial approaches. It is time to move on from cranberries.

Survival Prognosis in Right vs Left Primary Side in Colon Cancer (note: Lynch Syndrome pts)



open access: Survival Prognosis in Right vs Left Primary Side in Colon Cancer JAMA Oncology 

 There are suggestions that localization of CC (right CC [RCC]3,4 sided up to splenic flexure and left CC [LCC], including descending, and sigmoid and/or rectosigmoid cancers) potentially influences prognosis owing to differing biological features. Clinical presentation is also different: iron deficiency anemia from occult blood loss is more prevalent in patients with right-sided CCs; conversely, hematochezia and change in bowel habits is a more common presenting symptom for left-sided CCs.3 From a molecular point of view, RCC and LCC are 2 different entities, with RCC associated with defective mismatch repair (MMR) genes (Lynch Syndrome), mutations of KRAS and BRAF, and microRNA-31, whereas LCC is associated with CIN, p53, NRAS, microRNA-146a, microRNA-147b, and microRNA-1288.4
 In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we evaluated the independent prognostic value of site of primary tumor (left-sided vs right-sided primary location) in patients with cancer of the colon.
 Tumors arising on the right side of the colon, in fact, seem to follow different molecular pathways of oncogenesis. These RCCs more commonly are diploid and characterized by mucinous histology, high microsatellite instability, CpG island methylation, and BRAF mutations.8185
 In stage II completely resected CC, the presence of MSI has been associated with a more favorable prognosis and a lack of benefit from fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy.84 More recently, Sinicrope et al5 evaluated the prognostic impact of deficient DNA MMR in patients with stage III enrolled in a randomized trial of FOLFOX-based adjuvant chemotherapy and found that among deficient MMR cancers only proximal tumors had favorable outcome.

Conclusions
Based on the results of this study, the side of origin of CC (left vs right) should be acknowledged as a criterion for establishing prognosis in both earlier and advanced stages of disease. Moreover, primary tumor location should be carefully considered when deciding treatment intensity in metastatic and locoregional settings, and should represent an important stratification factor for future adjuvant studies.

Topotecan plus carboplatin versus standard therapy with paclitaxel plus carboplatin (PC) or gemcitabine plus carboplatin (GC) or pegylated liposomal doxorubicin plus carboplatin (PLDC)



abstract:
Topotecan plus carboplatin versus standard therapy with paclitaxel plus carboplatin (PC) or gemcitabine plus carboplatin (GC) or pegylated liposomal doxorubicin plus carboplatin (PLDC): a randomized phase III trial of the NOGGO-AGO-Study Group-AGO Austria and GEICO-ENGOT-GCIG intergroup study (HECTOR) 

 Conclusion The combination of carboplatin and topotecan was well tolerated with significant lower rates of severe hematological toxicities but did not improve PFS or OS in platinum-sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer compared with established standard regimens.

The association of financial difficulties with clinical outcomes in cancer patients: secondary analysis (lung, breast, ovarian) public health system



abstract:
The association of financial difficulties with clinical outcomes in cancer patients: secondary analysis of 16 academic prospective clinical trials conducted in Italy


Background Cancer may cause financial difficulties, but its impact in countries with public health systems is unknown. We evaluated the association of financial difficulties with clinical outcomes of cancer patients enrolled in academic clinical trials performed within the Italian public health system.
Patients and methods Data were pooled from 16 prospective multicentre trials in lung, breast or ovarian cancer, using the EORTC quality of life (QOL) C30 questionnaire. Question 28 scores financial difficulties related to disease or treatment in four categories from ‘not at all’ to ‘very much’. We defined financial burden (FB) as any financial difficulty reported at baseline questionnaire, and financial toxicity (FT) as score worsening in a subsequent questionnaire. We investigated (i) the association of FB with clinical outcomes (survival, global QOL response [questions 29/30] and severe toxicity), and (ii) the association of FT with survival. Multivariable analyses were performed using logistic regression models or the Cox model adjusting for trial, gender, age, region and period of enrolment, baseline global QOL and, where appropriate, FB and global QOL response. Results are reported as odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results At baseline 26% of the 3670 study patients reported FB, significantly correlated with worse baseline global QOL. FB was not associated with risks of death (HR 0.94) and severe toxicity (OR 0.90) but was predictive of a higher chance of worse global QOL response (OR 1.35). During treatment, 2735 (74.5%) patients filled in subsequent questionnaires and 616 (22.5%) developed FT that was significantly associated with an increased risk of death (HR 1.20). Several sensitivity analyses confirmed these findings.
Conclusion Even in a public health system, financial difficulties are associated with relevant cancer patients outcomes like QOL and survival.

Germline mutations of BRCA1 gene exon 11 are not associated with platinum response neither with survival advantage in patients with primary ovarian cancer



abstract:
Germline mutations of BRCA1 gene exon 11 are not associated with platinum response neither with survival advantage in patients with primary ovarian cancer: understanding the clinical importance of one of the biggest human exons. A study of the Tumor Bank Ovarian Cancer (TOC) Consortium 
September 2016

 Germline mutations in BRCA1 gene have been reported in up to 20 % of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients. Distinct clinical characteristics have been attributed to this special EOC population. We hypothesized that mutations in different BRCA1 gene exons may differently affect the clinical course of the disease. The aim of this study was to analyze, in a large cohort of primary EOCs, the clinical impact of mutations in BRCA1 gene exon 11, the largest exon of the gene sequence encoding the 60 % of BRCA1 protein. Two hundred sixty-three primary EOC patients, treated between 2000 and 2008 at Charité University Hospital of Berlin, were included. Patients’ blood samples were obtained from the Tumor Ovarian Cancer (TOC) Network (www.toc-network.de). Direct sequencing of BRCA1 gene exon 11 was performed for each patient to detect mutations. Based on their BRCA1 exon 11 mutational status, patients were compared regarding clinico-pathological variables and survival. Mutations in BRCA1 exon 11 were found in 18 out of 263 patients (6.8 %). Further 10/263 (3.8 %) cases showed variants of uncertain significance (VUS). All exon 11 BRCA1-positive tumors (100 %) were Type 2 ovarian carcinomas (p = 0.05). Age at diagnosis was significantly younger in Type 2 exon 11 mutated patients (p = 0.01). On multivariate analysis, BRCA1 exon 11 mutational status was not found to be an independent predictive factor for optimal cytoreduction, platinum response, or survival. Mutations in BRCA1 gene exon 11 seem to predispose women to exclusively develop a Type 2 ovarian cancer at younger age. Exon 11 BRCA1-mutated EOC patients showed distinct clinico-pathological features but similar clinical outcome with respect to sporadic EOC patients.

Management of borderline ovarian tumours (Gershenson)



abstract
 

Highlights

  • Surgical approach – open or minimally invasive – should be individualized.
  • Fertility-sparing surgery is feasible in a high proportion of young patients.
  • Surgical staging is recommended for borderline ovarian tumours.
Approximately 3000 American women are diagnosed with borderline ovarian tumours annually. Borderline tumours are similar to other types of adnexal masses. Prognostic factors include the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, presence of peritoneal implants, micropapillary pattern (for serous histology), microinvasion and intra-epithelial carcinoma (for mucinous histology). Approximately 65–70% of serous tumours and 90% of mucinous tumours are stage I, and 30% and 10%, respectively, are associated with extra-ovarian spread. Fertility-preservation counselling is recommended for young patients. Fertility-sparing surgery is feasible in a high proportion of women in the reproductive age group. Surgical staging generally includes resection of the primary borderline tumour, by either unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy or ovarian cystectomy, cytologic washings, omentectomy and peritoneal biopsies, and routine lymphadenectomy is not recommended. However, because the accuracy of frozen-section examination is lower than optimal, caution is recommended. Postoperative therapy is recommended only for those women with serous borderline tumours and invasive implants. Fortunately, relapse is uncommon.

Whole-exome sequencing of Finnish hereditary breast cancer families (male breast/non-brca...)



Abstract

 A remarkable proportion of factors causing genetic predisposition to breast cancer (BC) are unknown in non-BRCA1/2 families. Exome sequencing was performed for 13 high-risk Finnish hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer (HBOC) families to detect variants contributing to BC susceptibility. After filtering, 18 candidate variants in DNA damage response (DDR) pathway genes were screened in 129 female HBOC patients, up to 989 female controls, and 31 breast tumours by Sanger sequencing/TaqMan assays. In addition, two variants were further studied in 49 male BC patients and 909 male controls. Second, all variants predicted to affect function in six early-onset BC patients were analysed in detail. Variants in ATM, MYC, PLAU, RAD1, and RRM2B were enriched in female HBOC patients compared with controls (odds ratio 1.16–2.16). A rare nonsynonymous variant in RAD50 was detected in a male BC patient. In addition, a very rare BRCA1 variant was identified in a single high-risk family. None of the variants showed wild-type allele loss in breast tumours. Furthermore, novel variants predicted to affect function were detected in early-onset patients in genes, which target DNA repair and replication, signalling, apoptosis, and cell cycle pathways. Family-specific enrichment of multiple DDR pathway gene defects likely explains BC predisposition in the studied families. These findings provide new information on potential BC-related pathways and an excellent premise for future studies.

(France) Does the Number of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Cycles before Interval Debulking Surgery Influence Survival in Advanced Ovarian Cancer



Does the Number of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Cycles before Interval Debulking Surgery Influence Survival in Advanced Ovarian Cancer - Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the overall survival (OS) of patients with initially inoperable advanced ovarian cancer, tubal carcinoma, or primary peritoneal carcinoma of stages III or IV undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by cytoreductive surgery, according to the number of cycles performed.  
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in three main oncology centres in the east of France, reviewing the charts of all patients who underwent NAC between January 1, 1998 and October 31, 2012. We performed an OS analysis using multivariate Cox regression models adjusted for potential confounders. We also analysed progression-free survival (PFS) as well as chemotherapy- and surgery-related morbidity.  
Results: Of the 204 patients included, 75 (36.8%) underwent ≤4 NAC cycles and 129 (63.2%) ≥5 NAC cycles. Characteristic data were similar in the two groups. Five-year OS was 35.0 and 25.8%, respectively. This difference was non-significant [HR = 1.06 (0.70-1.59), p = 0.79]. We also found no differences in PFS or morbidity between the two groups.  
Conclusions: The number of NAC cycles does not seem to play a role in the OS of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Further evidence and prospective data are needed to assess the value of a high/low number of NAC cycles among these patients.

High Rate of Antidepressant Use After Cancer (adults) (U.S.)



medical news

insurance status was not significant
Cancer history.
Cancer survivor status was assessed through the question, “Have you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that you had cancer or a malignancy of any kind?” A positive response was followed by an opportunity to specify up to three different cancer diagnoses. Respondents were asked their age at the time of each cancer diagnosis. All cancer survivors were postdiagnosis, but some could have been receiving cancer treatment at the time of the survey.

 Among cancer survivors, if more than one cancer was reported, we chose the cancer type corresponding to the most recent cancer diagnosis in our analysis.....Consistent with previous research, cancers with a relative 5-year survival of < 25% (ie, esophagus, liver, gall bladder, lung, pancreas, and stomach) were combined as “short survival cancers.”23
 Among cancer survivors, the lowest percentages of medication use for anxiety (ie, < 10%) were seen in those with a history of prostate cancer, whereas the highest rates (ie, > 20%) were seen in survivors who were 40 to 64 years old, those who were never married, and those who had a history of ovarian, uterine, or short survival cancers.
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WEDNESDAY, Oct. 26, 2016 -- Treatment for depression and anxiety is nearly twice as common among U.S. cancer survivors as it is for those who never had the disease, a new study finds.
Among more than 3,000 adult cancer survivors, 19 percent reported taking medication for anxiety, depression or both, researchers found.
But when the research team looked at nearly 45,000 adults with no history of cancer, they found just one in 10 used these medications.
"Overall, these findings are sobering," said lead researcher Nikki Hawkins, a behavioral scientist at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
"We've come a long way in treating cancer medically, but these data tell us cancer can take a serious psychological and emotional toll for many years, even after treatment is complete," she said.
Hawkins said it's remarkable that nearly one in five cancer survivors is taking medications for anxiety and depression. This adds up to approximately 2.5 million survivors in the United States taking these drugs, she said.
"We know very little about how or when these rates got so high, whether these survivors' mental health needs are being adequately treated, and how these rates of medication use will affect survivors' health and well-being in the long run," Hawkins said.
The findings show it's not only newer cancer patients using medications to manage distress. Survivors who were a decade or more past their cancer diagnosis are also using these medications at a rate about double the general population, she said.
The American Cancer Society said it was unaware of this high rate of mental health treatment.
"This is important information that we didn't have before," said Kevin Stein, vice president of the cancer society's Behavioral Research Center.
Anxiety and depression can have a significant effect on a patient's quality of life "and even survival," he said.
"We can manage anxiety and depression with a combination of medications and interventions like stress management training," Stein said.
However, "we need to do a better job of understanding who's at risk for anxiety and depression, and we need to intervene early," Stein said.
He added that physicians can screen patients for anxiety and depression simply by asking, "How distressed are you?" Then they can refer patients to appropriate mental health services, Stein said.
"It should be asked about at every visit," he added.
Patients also should speak up, Stein said. "It's not uncommon to feel anxious or depressed after you have cancer, but it's OK to ask your doctor for help."
That's how you can learn about options for support and treatment, Hawkins said.
"Survivors might feel uneasy or stigmatized talking about the toll cancer takes on their emotions, but their psychological health is as important as their physical health and deserves the same level of attention," she said.
Using data from the U.S. National Health Interview Survey for 2010 to 2013, Hawkins and her colleagues analyzed more than 48,000 records to estimate the number of cancer survivors taking medication for anxiety or depression.
Patients most likely to use antidepressants included those under 65, whites, people with public insurance and a usual source for medical care, and those with multiple chronic health conditions, the researchers found.
The report was published Oct. 26 in the Journal of Clinical Oncology (open access).
The researchers cautioned that because these statistics were self-reported, information about when patients started taking medication or how long they took it isn't known. It is also not known if the patients were diagnosed with an anxiety disorder or depression.
What is known is this: "We clearly have more work to do to better understand and treat the psychological and emotional burdens of cancer in addition to the physical effects of the disease," Hawkins said.

 open access link: JCO  Use of Medications for Treating Anxiety and Depression in Cancer Survivors in the United States 

(Japan) A Retrospective Case Study of Combination Chemotherapy with Bevacizumab for Recurrent Ovarian Cancer



Abstract

OBJECTIVES:

Treatment for ovarian cancer with bevacizumab(Bmab)has been covered by public medical insurance in Japan since November 2013. It is recommended that the use of Bmab is limited to the first treatment for FIGO stage III or IV ovarian cancer. The OCEAN trial for platinum sensitivity in relapsed patients and the AURELIA trial for platinum-resistance in relapsed patients were performed, and both significantly improved progression-free survival.

METHOD:

We retrospectively studied patients receiving Bmab with an anticancer agent for recurrent ovarian cancer. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients.

RESULTS:

Between November 2013 and September 2015, Bmab at 15mg/kg/3-4 week was administered to 20 patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. The median age was 58 years(range 32-81)and the median performance status was 0-2. Platinum-sensitive recurrence occurred in 6 patients. The response rate and disease control rate of combination chemotherapy with Bmab was 50.0% and 57.1%. However, 11 patients stopped treatment with Bmab due to serious adverse events.

CONCLUSION:

Combination chemotherapy with Bmab for recurrent ovarian cancer may be feasible.